27 July 2026

Star Trek: Return to the Taurus Reach: Vanguard, Books 1–3

Star Trek: Vanguard was a series of original novels (plus some novellas) from Pocket Books, released from 2005 to 2012. I read the first five novels (roughly) as they came out... but when the sixth book came out in 2011, my progress through my reading list had gotten quite bogged down, and as of 2026, I still haven't read it! I've been slowly digging my way out recently, though, and am at last ready to tackle it... only at this point the last time I read a Vanguard book was in 2010, over fifteen years ago. I am hardly ready to jump straight into book six in the tightly serialized saga.

Star Trek: Vanguard: Harbinger
by David Mack

Published: 2005
Acquired: July 2005
Previously read: September 2005
Reread: March 2026

So, before moving onto book six, I am rereading the first five Vanguard novels. The first three predate my bookblogging, so I have no written reviews for them. Thus, in this post I'm going to (briefly?) cover all three at once.

Vanguard is a sort of parallel to the original Star Trek television series. The first book starts shortly after the second pilot, "Where No Man Has Gone Before"; I think that the final book takes place around five years later, when the five-year mission is about to come to an end. At the time the series was announced, many fans wondered if it would a "Deep Space Nine in the 23rd century": just as DS9 took place simultaneously to Next Generation and Voyager, but was set in one place, aboard a space station, Vanguard was set in one place, aboard a space station. No traveling across space, with a new planet every week; instead, every installment is set in the same region of space. Vanguard Station (a.k.a. Starbase 47) is located in the Taurus Reach, a newly opened region of space at the fringes of Federation, Klingon, and Tholian space.

The creators of the series, editor Marco Palmieri and writer David Mack, pushed back against that conception. Rereading the series, it seems to me that everyone back then was comparing it to the wrong tv show: this isn't Deep Space Nine in the 23rd century, it's Breaking Bad in the 23rd century. Well, of course no one in 2005 could have said such a thing because Breaking Bad wouldn't debut for another three years. But Vanguard seems to me to be along those lines: one of those "prestige" television shows were we watch characters (usually white men) make difficult choices, many of them morally dubious, where the stories are willing to show the seedy underbelly of the universe and its inhabitants. I suppose more chronologically appropriate would be The Sopranos (1999–2007) or The Wire (2002–08). Really, a lot of those series came along after Vanguard, so I suppose Mack and Palmieri were ahead of the curve!

That said, shows like Breaking Bad and Sopranos and Mad Men did this to explore American conceptions of masculinity—that's not what Vanguard is doing. (Though, perhaps, it would be nice if it did; there's an emphasis on sexual dynamics here, but the books are in general more interested in reproducing them than examining them. There seems to be a mandatory "man she looks good in a miniskirt!" scene once per book. Similarly, self-descriptions like "[t]he slender, leggy young woman" populate the supposedly close third-person narration of the female characters!) Instead, it's exploring the dynamics of post-9/11 security state. When have people gone too far in pursuit of their political objectives? So, perhaps, what the books really are in the end is "Battlestar Galactica in the 23rd century." 

If that was meant to be the case, though, I find the books frustrating. The narrative arc of the first three books seems to be taking Commodore Diego Reyes to a point where he feels like he's gone too far. In the first book, David Mack's Harbinger, he authorizes some heinous stuff done to Tim Pennington, a journalist seeking to uncover the truth about what Starfleet is doing in the Taurus Reach. Throughout all three of the first three books, he coordinates the Federation's ongoing colonization efforts in the Taurus Reach, knowing that this is just to provide cover for the Federation's attempts to obtain the Taurus meta-genome, which places those colonists in grave danger. At the end of book three, Mack's Reap the Whirlwind, this plotline culminates in Reyes's ex-wife and her entire planet dying, and Reyes thus permitting Pennington to publish a story that reveals what should have remained classified, resulting in Reyes's arrest. His court-martial is covered in book four, Open Secrets, so I'll cover that later, but I found this arc unsatisfying. The problem is, as I see it, is that we don't really go into Reyes's head as he makes these decisions; we don't really know how he justifies them to himself or how he ended up in this position. If this is a commentary on the post-9/11 security state, we don't get to see the logic that causes people to make these kind of decisions to begin with. In Reap the Whirlwind and Open Secrets, we're told Reyes has lived much of his life carrying secrets for Starfleet, but why does he believe this is the right thing to do? I'm not sure. Without that justification, the reversal at the end of book three falls flat.

Star Trek: Vanguard: Summon the Thunder
by Dayton Ward & Kevin Dilmore

Published: 2006
Acquired: June 2006
Previously read: May 2007
Reread: April 2026
Indeed, I would say that the main thing that stops me from getting invested in Vanguard is the characterization. I think in principle, the ideas are fine. I do very much appreciate that (as was later done on screen in Discovery) that "main cast" is not necessarily the senior staff, but the set of characters who are influencing and influenced by events. In addition to Reyes, that's: Rena Desai, the JAG officer assigned to the station; Ming Xiong, the scientific lead assigned to Project Vanguard; Jetanien, the ambassador posted on Starbase 47; T'Prynn, the Starfleet Intelligence officer posted there; Cervantes Quinn, a smuggler operating out of the base; Tim Pennington, a journalist based on Vanguard; Ganz, an Orion smuggler whose ship is docked at the station; Ezekiel Fisher, the chief medical officer; and Anna Sandjeso, a Federation attaché who is secretly a Klingon spy. (There are lots of other characters, and not all of these characters play as big of roles as others, but these are the ones we get bios for at the end of book one, so they seem to be the ones Mack and Palmieri considered the leads.)

My issues with the characters, as of book three anyway (I'll have more thoughts on this in my writeup of book five, Precipice) is twofold. The first is that Harbinger seems to be trying to set up that these are more complicated, conflict-prone characters than you might be used to from Star Trek, especially the original series era. Unfortunately, it accomplishes this somewhat ham-handedly, in that the early parts of Harbinger are mostly about character walking around thinking about how much they don't like all the people they meet: Ming doesn't like his roommate on the USS Bombay, Reyes and Jetanien spend meeting scenes grumbling about what the other characters say, and so on. It makes everyone seem passive-aggressive and unpleasant.

My other issue is that there are just too many characters. There are the eight "main" characters, that would be fine... but there are tons of other point-of-view characters sprinkled in here, too. Random crewmembers on the Bombay in Harbinger (presumably to make us sad and surprised when they die), a whole bunch of USS Endeavour crew in book two, Dayton Ward & Kevin Dilmore's Summon the Thunder. Why do I care about, say, the Endeavour's chief medical officer? We also get the addition of the S.C.E. characters on the USS Lovell. Too many of these characters are generic Starfleet types, without any interesting hooks, the precise kind of thing it seems to me the series's main cast was designed to move away from. I would have liked to have spent more time with our supposed actual leads, instead of cutting away to all these random people all the time.

Also, maybe I wasn't reading carefully enough, but was there a discontinuity between Harbinger and Summon the Thunder when it came to the relationship between T'Prynn and Sandjeso? Near the end of Harbinger, we find out they're sleeping with each other other—the Intelligence agent and the Klingon spy—but there's no indication that T'Prynn knows Anna's true identity. Suddenly in Summon the Thunder, T'Prynn not only knows but has turned Anna into a double agent at some point in the past. Weird transition, and also weird undermining of the premise's potential drama. (Also the tone in Harbinger was very much convenient-sex-buddies, and then in the Reap the Whirlwind they're apparently actually in love?)

My original reason for doing these three in one go was that they were simply the three I hadn't reviewed before, but I actually think they work pretty well as a complete unit, a trilogy with beginning, middle, and end, as it ends with the "secrecy" arc that began Harbinger being blown wide open. Similarly, books four and five seem to work as a duology as the series shifts its focus—more on that next time.

Star Trek: Vanguard: Reap the Whirlwind
by David Mack

Published: 2007
Acquired and previously read: August 2007
Reread: April 2026
Other Thoughts:

The cover to Harbinger is solid, giving us a nice view of the setting of the series, and I appreciate the inclusion of diagrams of the station in the book. I also like the cover to Summon the Thunder well enough. But the cover to Reap the Whirlwind is excellent, a work of art. Rarely has a "ships in space" cover to a Star Trek book been so dynamic and striking; never has a D7 battlecruiser looked more formidable. Unfortunately, I felt like after this point, the series's covers became pretty generic and mediocre, almost always just a picture of Vanguard with a Constitution-class starship somewhere. (Presumably so your casual bookstore punter would go, "oh, the Enterprise!")

I did not reread the prequel to the series, the crossover with S.C.E., a novella called Distant Early Warning (collected in Corps of Engineers: What's Past*). What is funny to me is the novella came out between books one and two, but takes place before book one... thus in book two everyone starts going on about the "Jinoteur carrier wave," a thing they for some reason never brought up in book one! 

My copies of Harbinger and Summon the Thunder are both signed by the authors; in Summon the Thunder, Kevin Dilmore wrote what is definitely my favorite thing an author has ever inscribed to me: "M-O-L-L-M-A-N-N... see I can spell it!"

Reap the Whirlwind contains a "minipedia" with entries for all the characters and places of the series thus far. I appreciate the assistance in trying to ground the reader in this sprawling saga... but unfortunately you can't use it as reference while reading the book because it contains spoilers for it! Weird call.

* This is in fact the reason I didn't reread it... I don't own it in a form where it's a complete "book" and thus I wouldn't count it as a book read on my reading list! Gotta keep those numbers up, can't waste time on reading that won't contribute.

24 July 2026

(re)Reading Ozma of Oz Aloud to My Kids

Back when I read this aloud to Kid One, then three years old, I concluded it was one of the better Oz books. Now I've read it aloud again to Kids One and Two, now eight and five, and I stand by that assessment.

Ozma of Oz: A Record of Her Adventures with Dorothy Gale of Kansas, the Yellow Hen, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, Tiktok, the Cowardly Lion and the Hungry Tiger; Besides Other Good People too Numerous to Mention Faithfully Recorded Herein by L. Frank Baum
illustrated by John R. Neill

Originally published: 1906
Acquired and previously read: August 2021
Read aloud: May
–June 2026

As I prepped this review, I skimmed some of the reviews on LibraryThing, and I was struck by one that noted, "As much I enjoy the story... at no point in the story do I ever worry about Dorothy, because she never worries.... [C]onsidering the almost continuous stream of dicey situations she gets into, she remains zen and mostly unbothered at all times, which really renders her rather dull. It takes away a lot of the excitement that should be building... I guess this is because it is a children's adventure, and Baum didn't want his readers getting upset, but I always liked a book that could make you cry as well as make you laugh." 

One of the interesting things about reading books aloud to kids is that you become aware of how kids process literature differently to how adults process literature, something you must of course have known at some point in your life, because you were once a kid yourself, but which you've clearly forgotten in the past thirty years. I agree that Baum usually has a very even-keeled tone: note very matter-of-fact way that things like the mutilation of the Tin Woodman or the attack of the wolves are communicated in Wonderful Wizard, something especially revealed by the contrasting choices made in some adaptations. A more modern writer, I suspect, would write sequences like Dorothy floating on the chicken coop in the ocean by telling you how scared Dorothy was, or crank up the suspense of the part where the Oz characters are trying to find the transformed Royal Family of Ev in the Nome King's palace and becoming transformed themselves.

But what I realized from reading this book aloud to a five-year-old is that a five-year-old doesn't need the prose to indicate how scary something is to be scared by it. Poor little guy was snuggling up to me for comfort when Dorothy was floating around on that chicken coop; poor little kid really did not like it when all the members of Ozma's party were being transformed, and I had to reassure him by reminding him that we had read later-set Oz books where Ozma was just fine! Kids, it seems, have an innate ability to just imagine themselves in a situation that adults lack. Kid Two doesn't need Baum to tell him Dorothy is scared because he imagines himself on a chicken coop in a storm in the Pacific Ocean and that is scary!

Kids also appreciate the moments of triumph: the kids loved when Billina hid herself and found out the Nome King's secret, and when she made her guesses—big whoops of delight.

Kid Two is apparently a Jack Pumpkinhead stan; near the end of the book, he complained that he hadn't turned up, and then was quite ecstatic when he appeared in the (what will be obligatory from this point on) end-of-book celebration scene. This was a fun one to read aloud again.

Continuity note: My kids did not remember that Glinda met the Nome King, and he acquired his Magic Belt, in Ages of Oz, even though we only read it five months ago! Oh well.

23 July 2026

Hugo Awards 2026: Wonder Woman: The Last Amazon by Kelly Thompson, Hayden Sherman, Mattia De Iulis, et al.

Absolute Wonder Woman, Vol. 1: The Last Amazon

Collection published: 2026
Contents published: 2024-25
Acquired: April 2026
Read: July 2026
Writer: Kelly Thompson
Artists: Hayden Sherman, Mattia De Iulis
, Dustin Nguyen
Colorist: Jordie Bellaire
Letterer: Becca Carey

This is my first experience with DC's confusingly named "Absolute Universe" (can't wait until we get the Absolute Editions, so this book will be republished as Absolute Absolute Wonder Woman), which is a sort of modern reboot of key DC characters. In this version, Diana is the last of Amazons, who were massacred by the gods; she is sent to the underworld to be raised by the sorcerer Circe. The gods keep sending creatures to kill her, so she is raised in violence—but also in hope. This is particularly emphasized when Steve Trevor washes up in the underworld, and she must help him get home; eventually, she follows him to the mortal world in order to defend it.

The first story here, written by Kelly Thompson and illustrated by Hayden Sherman, alternates between Diana's youth in the underworld and the present day, where she's fighting monsters and re-meeting Steve Trevor. I had read some rapturous reviews of this series going into it, so I think I was set up to be somewhat disappointed. This is strong, solid superhero fare... but it's not the best the genre has to offer. I mean, I think it does what this kind of story should do, and it does it very well. The art and writing work together excellently; Sherman is totally simpatico with what Thompson is doing on writing. Both depict Diana as someone feminine and hopeful but still powerful and determined. There are some clever superheroics here; the threat isn't just defeated through Diana punching or slicing up a monster, but by her using magic and thinking about the powers the monster possesses. But was I wowed by it? No, not really. You've see similar stories—compare the last Wonder Woman comic to be a Hugo finalist, which was up to more interesting things.

from Absolute Wonder Woman #1 (art by Hayden Sherman)

I also thought this was let down a bit by the second story, illustrated by Mattia De Iulis. De Iulis is not as good an artist as Sherman, with a generic, glossy superhero style, and in particular, was not capable of the subtle character work Thompson's tale required.

from Absolute Wonder Woman #7 (art by Mattia De Iulis)

Still, it's good stuff, and I would read more of it. I can see how the solid setup here could evolve into greatness given time (there's an interesting supporting cast, for example); hopefully DC gives Thompson that time, and hopefully Sherman returns as artist for future arcs.

22 July 2026

Manjula Padmanabhan, Getting There (2000)

For some time now, I have been working my way through the work of the Indian writer Manjula Padmanabhan. I came to her via science fiction, but Padmanabhan is a master of many genres: literary fictions, comics, and in this case, memoir.

Getting There by Manjula Padmanabhan

Originally published: 2000
Acquired: January 2011
Read: March 2026

Getting There is about her time in Bombay, the United States, and Holland in 1977 as a young woman, as she tries to figure out how to navigate the expectations her family has for her and the ones she has for herself. My Picador UK edition came out in 2002, and I feel like it's trying to position the book in "chicklit" genre of the era: Bridget Jones and Shopaholic and such. There are some resonances (well, so I'd guess I can't actually claim to have read any of those books... or even seen the films!), but overall I don't think it quite fits. It's a period piece, I don't really think it's about someone seeking romance despite having a sexual subplot, it's not overall a comedic book. I can see why the publishers tried to ride that trend, but I'm not convinced someone who enjoyed Bridget Jones would pick up Getting There and feel satisfied!

The first third of the book, set in India, was my favorite. Here, Manjula is a young woman trying to make it as an artist, while she struggles with weight loss. While I wouldn't say the book as a whole is comedic, the weight loss clinic subplot is quite hilarious. But I also enjoyed her interactions with her strange housemates and her tyrannical brother.

After this she goes to the U.S. This definitely has its moments; I of course particularly enjoyed her introduction to Star Trek... though I also of course feel compelled to point out that the mention of the Cardassians is anachronistic! 

I found the last section, set in Holland, the least interesting. Manjula has travelled there to be with a man she met in India, one she was cheating on her boyfriend with. In the end, I don't know that I ever totally grasped what point the story was trying to make here. Obviously Manjula is trying to fill some kind of a void in her life, but I found the character dynamics here were, in the end, not very interesting to me.

Still, it's a fun book. I understand that for the 2020 Hachette edition, Padmanabhan reinstated material cut from the original draft (I think material cut because of the publisher trying to make the book more chicklit) and also rewrote the ending. Unfortunately, I bought my copy in 2011, before this happened or was even an inkling, and I wasn't about to rebuy it before I'd even read it. Maybe someday... but I have a bunch of other Padmanabhan to read for the first time first!

20 July 2026

Charles Dickens, The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870)

The Mystery of Edwin Drood by Charles Dickens

Originally published: 1870
Acquired: November 2016
Read: December 2025
Every year over my winter break, I read a Charles Dickens novel I haven't previously read. I've been reading them in order of descending popularity on LibraryThing: this perhaps has been a mistake, since it means the last few years I have been subjected to triumphs like Martin Chuzzlewit and Dombey and Son.

I was thus a bit apprehensive about this year, where I would be reading The Mystery of Edwin Drood. What if it was as bad as the last couple books I'd read? And, famously, incomplete? ("The food here is terrible. And such small portions!")

Well, it seems to me that as he lay dying, Charles Dickens must have gotten a bit of his mojo back, because Edwin Drood was shaping up to be solid mid-tier Dickens. Not necessarily great work, but there are decent characters here and interesting dynamics and some strong descriptive passages. I doubt it would have ended spectacularly (maybe I am wrong), and certainly, books like Dombey and Son show that Dickens can start strong but ultimately fizzle out, but I was into it thus far, read it fairly quickly, and disappointed when it all came to a stop.

Just one Dickens novel to go! 

I read a Charles Dickens novel every year. Next up in sequence: Barnaby Rudge

17 July 2026

Marilyn D. Mollmann (1927–2026)

My grandma was born Marilyn Inderhees on August 6th, 1927, in Cincinnati.  She was the second of four, after older brother Jack, and before little sister Audrey, and little brother Bob. She grew up in Westwood; her father, Edward, was co-owner of a paint store, Mohawk Paints, in downtown Cincinnati.

Marilyn’s mother, Helen, was the homemaker, and she raised the family through the tough times of the Great Depression and World War II. During rationing, her dad had a secret supply of Hershey bars from Mr. Habig at Habig’s drug store. They would divide a bar up eight ways – two pieces for mom and dad, four for the kids, and two for the dog, Trixie.  They had a victory garden on the empty lot next door, and her dad was the air raid warden for the neighborhood.

Marilyn and the little girl down the street, who was a few months older, walked to school together, beginning in first grade. That was her friend Dorothy, or “Dot.” They would stay friends for over ninety years and later become sisters-in-law.

After grade school, Marilyn attended Mother of Mercy High School, graduating in June 1945, just a few weeks after Victory in Europe; she turned eighteen in August, just a few weeks before Victory in the Pacific over the Japanese. I wonder what these times were like for a young woman. After high school, she got a job working downtown, as a secretary. When not working, she had a rambunctious group of friends--she always liked to have fun.

She met Charles, and they married on June 16th, 1951, just eight days after he graduated as an electrical engineer. The night before she got married, her dad told her she was on her own, but if she ever needed help, he was there for her.  

Marilyn and Charlie were fortunate to be able to immediately buy their first house in North College Hill. Her mom and dad moved the furniture into their new house while they were gone on their honeymoon. The house was less than a five-minute walk to Charles’s brother Lou and wife Lottie, and to his sister MaryAnne and husband Mike. It was easy to hang out together at each other’s houses in the evenings, have dinner with their young families, or go to the North College Hill pool.

It took a few years to start a family, but then they came pretty quickly: Jim in 1954, Janet in 1955, Pat in 1957, Karen in 1960, and my father Dan, forever “her baby,” in 1963.

Her dad died suddenly and tragically in a car crash, in October 1955.  It was a shock to her and the rest of the family. Marilyn was 28, and her daughter Janet just a few weeks old. Marilyn forever would remember exactly where she was sitting in the living room when Charlie got the phone call. 

After seven years in North College Hill, with the family getting bigger, Marilyn and Charlie moved to the house on Lauderdale in 1958.  Here they raised the five kids, who attended Saint James School, and the family attended Saint James Church, where she would be a parishioner for almost seventy years.  She did mom duties, shuttling kids in the station wagon, clipping coupons to stretch a dollar, volunteering in the cafeteria and library and the PTA and so forth. Later in life, she would knit hats for babies in the NICU and organize the Yarn & Cards outreach here at St. James.

Marilyn and Charlie had a big group of friends who liked to play cards, party, and travel to Florida together: the Luipolds, the Grievenkamps, the Hudepohls, the Rolls, and so forth. She and Charlie liked their martinis. They would sit outside together every night in the warm months from 11:30 to 12:15 or so, and share one or two and just talk, and look out at the night.

She used to say to her husband, “Charlie you should put a porch on the roof.” An interesting vision, but it never happened. She would also say, “Charlie, you should put a skylight in the kitchen.”Also never happened. But then, “Charlie, you should cut a big hole in the back of the house and put in doors and a deck.” She got that one.

The kids got older, graduated high school, and all graduated college. She and Charlie survived a late career lay-off, and then enjoyed a long retirement with travel to far parts of the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Europe. She had several bouts with cancer. Challenges like this were invariably met with a little grumpiness and depression, followed in a few hours by embracing the reality of the situation, and just dealing with it, and doing her best. Persevering. 

The grandkids started coming in the 1980s, eventually reaching sixteen. She was always interested in what I had to say, though most of the time, she would laugh and say, “You’re such a character.” Then the great-grandkids, currently at twenty-two. If there’s a way I will always remember my grandmother, it’s on the annual Thanksgiving trip. This began in 1973, and lasted through almost all of the next fifty-three years. Unable to cook a traditional Thanksgiving turkey in a tiny state park cabin kitchen, Marilyn opted to cook Cincinnati chili instead. What began with seven attendees now includes Marilyn’s grandchildren and great-grandchildren, running as many as fifty people. Because this began in West Virginia, every year at the Friday night cookout, the Mollmanns would belt out John Denver’s “Country Roads”—what the Mollmanns lack in musical talent, they make up for in enthusiasm. This song became a staple of Mollmann family weddings, and Marilyn would tear up when she heard it.

Charlie passed in 2013, after a few years of difficult health. She was in charge now, and within a few hours or days, got a new dishwasher, soon followed by repainting, updating the bathrooms, new doors, new driveway, new front porch, new garage door, new garage floor, new furniture, and so forth. She loved the house, and loved taking care of it, properly, cleanly, and neatly. She was able to stay there until the day she died.

Marilyn was a woman of tradition and habit. Every year, we would have Christmas Eve in her basement, every year we would do the same things in the same order, from the customary all-children photo, to Grandma’s punch. Every day, it was the rosary at 9:30, channel 9 noon news with lunch precisely at twelve; Divine Mercy chaplet at 3:00. Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! at 7:00. Certain days of the week had certain breakfast items.

Marilyn was always there to listen. She talked on the phone regularly to her kids, and visited for dinner quite often. She was born in a different age, with different rules, but she was open to listening to new ideas and new norms. She adapted and grew. 

She was a great daughter, sister, wife, mother, aunt, grandmother, great grandmother, and friend. An inspiration. A lovely person. A devout Catholic, attending church and praying the rosary for comfort, a member of the St. Mary’s Ladies Society, member of a weekly prayer group, and she and Charlie volunteered at Church, counting the collections. 

She was always positive, open to a new adventure, and full of energy. At age eighty, the first time she got on the waverunner with her son Dan, and he asked what she wanted to do, she said, “go fast.”

We want to thank Janet, Pat, and Karen for taking such good care of her in her final days.

She will be remembered and missed by her family and friends.

I cowrote the above with my dad, and read it at my grandmother's funeral earlier this week. She died on July 4th, just over a month shy of what would have been her 99th birthday. (Most people call this a eulogy, but in Catholicism it's technically "Words of Remembrance.") I'll probably have more to say about this later, but I just wanted to post the text for now.

16 July 2026

Hugo Awards 2026: Inventing the Renaissance by Ada Palmer

There are two ways to think about every Hugo finalist, of course: how good of a book is it, and how good of a finalist is it. In many cases these are pretty much the same thing, but in some cases they are very different. Inventing the Renaissance is a good example of a finalist where they are very different. In this post I'll talk about the the book qua book, and when I do my ranking post, I'll tackle my thoughts about it as a Hugo finalist.

Inventing the Renaissance: Myths of a Golden Age
by Ada Palmer

Originally published: 2025
Acquired: May 2026
Read: June 2026

Inventing the Renaissance is the work of Ada Palmer, a history professor best known around these parts as the author of the Terra Ignota tetralogy, whose first installment was a finalist for Best Novel back in 2017. Inventing the Renaissance is sort of two or three things at once: it's kind of a history of the Renaissance. But it would be more accurate to say that it's also a history of the history of the Renaissance. Palmer is less interested in giving the reader an overview of the Renaissance and more interested in giving the reader an overview of the idea of the Renaissance. As indicated by the subtitle, she's really focusing on the idea of the Renaissance as a "golden age": did the people from the actual Renaissance think they were living in a golden age? were they trying to make one? what did they see as a golden age? but then also: when did later people start seeing the Renaissance as a golden age? what made them do this? how has our understanding of the Renaissance changed over time?

To me, these are interesting questions, and the closer the book stuck to them, the more interesting I found it. It's huge—not counting backmatter, my Head of Zeus paperback edition is 650 pages long—and divided into six parts. The first goes back and forth between the actual Renaissance and our later understandings of it, trying to tease out what was actually happening and what later people thought about it; the second delves more into the actual intellectual project of the era. The third, and longest, provides fifteen mini-biographies of various people from the era. The fourth tries to figure out if there is such a thing a "Renaissance humanism," the fifth focuses on what distinguished the Renaissance from the eras that came after, and the sixth ends with contemplating if there are any lessons in the Renaissance for the present day.

It's a sprawling book, and different readers will take away different things. I found most interesting Palmer's claim that historians look back into the Renaissance seeking an "X-Factor": there's something that makes modernity* different from the medieval period, and whatever you think that is drives what you see as the distinct feature of the Renaissance, and thus determines the histories you write about the period. Is it investment banking? Atheism? Nationalism?

Having set this up, Palmer does end by telling you what she sees at the X-Factor—she's just given you enough background and context to make it clear that this is her interpretation of the period, and not necessarily the interpretation of the period. Her argument is that the Renaissance is the period where we move from seeing authority as a source of truth to seeing observation as a source of truth. The scholars of the period were interested in what they saw as the golden age because they wanted to reconstruct what those authorities believed. But thanks to a whole number of changes in society, this dependence on authority became untenable, and things started to shift to the way we see truth now. And then beyond that, this is the era where we started to think the world could be changed by people. More than any other figure, Palmer focuses on Machiavelli, providing a lot of context for who he is and why he wrote The Prince and what makes him a distinct figure. Machiavelli, as Palmer tells it, becomes a key example of this shift—what makes The Prince noteworthy is that he looks at the past not for examples of what is morally right, but what is effective... which is what modern academic disciplines do all the time! But Machiavelli doesn't go as far as a "modern" would in seeing that what humans do can change in fundamental ways.

The part of the book I did not get a lot out of was the third: I see why she wanted to include these diverse portraits, showing how the "Renaissance" was by no means a singular thing, and there are some good nuggets in them... but there are a lot of details in them, and this was really the only part of the book I got lost in all of the details. I feel like this needed more breathing room to be effective, like it was really a totally separate book from Inventing the Renaissance.

Palmer is clearly writing for a learned-but-popular audience; the book is not academic in tone, and I very much appreciated that. That said, I did find at times that the jokes grew wearying: I get why she gives lots of historical figures nicknames, to make them more memorable, but at the fifteenth reiteration of the "Battle Pope II" joke it's like, "yes I got it." Whenever there was a pretend dialogue, I skipped over it. And I did not care for at all the "History Lab" metaphor, which she doesn't really explain, and seems to me to subordinate the humanities to the sciences. (And this isn't a criticism per se, but man, her experience of academia is pretty different to mine. It must be nice to go to Harvard and teach at the University of Chicago and hang out at miniconferences in French villas! There's a lot of privilege here.)

But overall, this is a very interesting, very readable book on a very important topic. I don't know if everyone will think those things are true (I care a lot about history and forms of truth and academic fields of study), but I think those things are true. 

* Probably my favorite joke in the whole thing is the chart of when "modern" starts according to academics in different disciplines.

15 July 2026

Doctor Who: Timelink by Jon Preddle

Timelink is a two-volume book from Doctor Who fan Jon Preddle, exploring the continuity of the series—at least as it existed circa 2010, when David Tennant regenerated into Matt Smith (it very briefly glosses Smith's first series). Obviously, as is typical for me, I came to it very late! The book has five parts across its two volumes, and I'll tackle each of them individually. Before the five parts, though, Preddle lays out his "rules," probably the most important of which is that he only cares about what's on screen, unlike Lance Parkin and Lars Pearson's Ahistory. He is also very into taking things literally: if a character says something happened a thousand years ago, they are very much not rounding.

Timelink: An Unofficial and Unauthorised Exploration of Doctor Who Continuity, Volume One
by Jon Preddle

Published: 2011
Acquired: January 2013
Read: March 2026
The first part, called "The N-Space Universe," lays out a bunch of "facts" we can discern about the Doctor Who universe: how does time work, can you change history, what kinds of time anomalies are there, what are the major places, who speaks English, and so on. There is a lot of detail here, and I skimmed much of it. I very much disagree with his conclusions about language; Preddle is the kind of guy who will not go for the interpretation that people speak English because this is tv; no, Gallifreyan and English must (somehow) be the same language. It ends with a 100-page timeline; this is just a list, and I much more appreciate the detailed footnotes of Ahistory. (That said, we do get rationales for these placements in the story entries in volume two.)

The next part provides a set of histories: what are the chronological sequence of Cyberman stories, Dalek stories, UNIT stories, the 2005-09 contemporary stories, British prime ministers, and the British space program. The real highlight of these is the meticulously thought through Cyberman and Dalek stories; I don't think I've ever read a better, more detailed take on how all their screen adventures fit together. If I were, say, writing a Cyberman or Dalek Big Finish adventure, I would definitely use this. On the other hand, I very much disagree with his take on UNIT dating, because he acts like there's only one possible conclusion from the data on screen, which is very much not the case!

The third part goes into the histories of the Doctor and Gallifrey. Though I don't think it would hold up with what we saw on screen from 2010 onward, and it definitely doesn't hold up with what the comics and novels and audios have done, he provides a very compelling take on how Gallifrey's timeline syncs up with the universe's, and thus how the Doctor's age fits into this, and what counts as the "future" and the "past" from a Time Lord perspective. (His claim is that Arc of Infinity sets the present of Gallifrey as 1983, and thus you can work out everything relative to that using the Doctor's age.) He makes it all work quite nicely; it's very satisfying!

Timelink: An Unofficial and Unauthorised Exploration of Doctor Who Continuity, Volume Two
by Jon Preddle

Published: 2011
Acquired: January 2013
Read: March 2026

From here, I recommend jumping ahead to part five, which makes up the entirety of volume two. It's clearly here so that the two volumes are roughly equal length, not because it would read best last. This is Preddle's story-by-story history of the whole show, from 100,000 BC to The End of Time. For each story, he gives you details on its chronological placement, an estimate of how much time passed within it, links to other stories, and so on. Surely my favorite part was the estimate of time passed; it's an aspect of chronology I feel like people rarely care about! I do think he makes some weird calls sometimes (the pith-helmet-wearing explorers with English names in Kinda are supposedly not humans from Earth!) but he always explains his logic. This isn't designed to be read word for word in order, I'm sure, but I did so as much as I could. It reads very quickly... well it did for me anyway. I would guess a number of people would find it quite dull.

Lastly, part four in volume one is the "appendices": recaps of other writers' thoughts on UNIT dating, a discussion of if the Doctor is half-human (here Preddle struggles a bit, having to willfully misread the TV movie... though there's not much you can do about this if you're insisting all of Doctor Who somehow does fit together), and then story-by-story histories of Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures. I particularly appreciated his meticulous approach to the chronology of Torchwood and SJA; someday maybe I'll rewatch those two shows along with the present-day episodes of the parent show following his order.

Overall, my guess is that you're either a certain kind of person who finds this kind of thing interesting or you're a kind of person who very much does not! To be honest, I think I am less the kind of person who finds this kind of thing interesting than I was thirteen years ago when I bought this book, but I still find it interesting enough. 

14 July 2026

Marvel's The Transformers Year Three, Part II: Wanted: Galvatron, Dead or Alive (US #26-27 / UK #109-18 & 277-81)

Here, I have one last bit of jumping around between volumes 2 and 4 of the Til All Are One compendia, before things finally settle down and I just do the stories in the order they're presented... for a bit anyway. As I have been doing, I've incorporated the issues of Transformers Universe and G.I.Joe and the Transformers in publication order relative to the US stories.

from Transformers Universe #4
Steeljaw – Windsweeper & Arblus – Wreck-Gar, from Transformers Universe #4 (Mar. 1987), plus other issues; reprinted in The Transformers: Til All Are One Compendium Four (2025)
written by Bob Budiansky, illustrated by Ian Akin & Brian Garvey, lettered by Brenda Mings, colored by Nel Yomtov
 
The last set of Transformers Universe profiles is mostly notable because it contains the ones for characters from The Transformers: The Movie. I was mostly surprised to realize that the robots from Lithone (the planet Unicron devours at the beginning of the movie to prove the situation is serious) have detailed personalities and bios given they just get killed off!
 
"Funeral for a Friend!", from The Transformers US #26 (Mar. 1987) / Transformers UK #109-10 (18-25 Apr. 1987), reprinted in The Transformers: Til All Are One Compendium Two (2025)
written by Bob Budiansky, penciled by Don Perlin, inked by Brett Breeding, lettered by Janice Chiang, colored by Nel Yomtov

I want to like this issue, which focuses on one my favorite Autobots, Ratchet. But one has the feeling the Budiansky has lost interest in and control of his characters, and this story in particular is very contrived. Some random two-bit human crook called "The Mechanic" manages to take over Ratchet and gain access to the Ark while all the Autobots are away at Optimus Prime's funeral. It feels like Uncle Bob isn't really trying on this one.
 
from G.I.Joe and the Transformers #4
"...All Fall Down!", from G.I.Joe and the Transformers #4 (Apr. 1987) / Transformers UK #277-81 (7 July–4 Aug. 1990), reprinted in The Transformers: Til All Are One Compendium Four (2025)
written by Michael Higgins, penciled by Herb Trimpe, inked by Vince Colletta, lettered by Joe Rosen, colored by Nel Yomtov

At this point, I have lost all interest in this crossover. So too, it seems, has everyone involved in the regular Transformers book; earlier, there was sort of a sop that this could be taking place at the same time as it, but I don't see how this possibly fits it or around the events of "Funeral for a Friend" at all. Well, at least it's all over... though the UK version of the G.I.Joe crossover is coming up, so I haven't escaped yet.
 
"King of the Hill!" / Wanted: Galvatron, Dead or Alive / Burning Sky! / Hunters, from The Transformers US #27 (Apr. 1987) / Transformers UK #111-8 (2 May–20 June 1987), reprinted in The Transformers: Til All Are One Compendium Two (2025)
written by Bob Budiansky and Simon Furman; penciled by Don PerlinGeoff Senior, Will Simpson, Dan Reed, and Jeff Anderson; inked by Ian Akin & Brian GarveyGeoff Senior, Tim Perkins, Dan Reed, and Stephen Baskerville; lettered by Janice ChiangAnnie HalfacreeStarkings, and Mike Scott; colored by Nel Yomtov and Steve White

from The Transformers US #27
This sequence of stories starts with one US one, another one showing the fallout from the death of Optimus Prime. In this case: who will command the Autobots now that Optimus is dead? Unfortunately, the Autobots have no plan of succession, which seems pretty dumb for what is supposedly a military unit of some kind. This is especially dumb if you're reading this story in the context of the UK stories, because it's the third time in recent memory Optimus has "died" (see also Target: 2006 in post #7 below and Prey! in #9), leaving his subordinates in chaos. Like, c'mon dude, leave them directions, even if  they're just "Prowl is in charge now"! It gets even dumber, though, when Grimlock declares his intention to become leader, they reject him, and then in a contrived series of events, they decide Grimlock will make a good leader anyway. I think the idea of Grimlock as leader is potentially fun, but it has to be handled much more convincingly than this!
 
from The Transformers UK #115
Wisely, then, the next UK storyline largely avoids anything that's going on in the US books. For the first time, we pop back into the future world of Target: 2006 (though Galvatron did jump back to the present day in Fallen Angel, some ten issues ago): Rodimus Prime wants to take care of Galvatron, but is too busy mopping up the remaining Decepticons on Cybertron, so he puts a bounty on Galvatron's head. This bounty is taken up by Death's Head, who travels back in time to 1987... and then Rodimus follows him, when he realizes what a bad idea Galvatron fighting Death's Head in the 1980s is. Meanwhile, Ultra Magnus (the 1980s one) gets entangled in events and Bumblebee is killed!
 
from The Transformers UK #118
The story isn't done yet so I can't completely judge it, but it's enjoyable so far, particularly the first appearance of Death's Head, who basically emerges fully formed by Simon Furman and Geoff Senior. In classic Marvel UK fashion, the 66 pages here have four different pencilers, but of course Senior's work is the best. Some other points:  
  • Target: 2006 was eleven parts long. Someone must have decided that was a bad idea and shouldn't be repeated, because this story is nine parts long but divided into five separate "stories" of mostly two parts.
  • How can Ultra Magnus be wandering around the American countryside for months without finding the Ark? Is he stupid?
  • Kup is always portrayed as one of the longest-serving Autobots... yet whenever 2007 Kup travels back in time to 1987, none of the 1987 Autobots know who he is. So where did he serve and who with? 
This is the eleventh in a series of posts about Marvel's The Transformers. The next covers US issues #28-30 and UK issues #119-27 & 130-33. Previous installments are listed below:

13 July 2026

Legion of Super-Heroes: The Life and Death of Ferro Lad by Jim Shooter, Curt Swan, and George Klein

DC Comics Classics Library: The Legion of Super-Heroes: The Life and Death of Ferro Lad

Collection published: 2009
Contents originally published: 1966-67
Acquired: December 2024
Read: April 2026
Writer and Layouts: Jim Shooter
Penciller: Curt Swan
Inker: George Klein

Letterer: Milton Snapinn

DC Comics Classics Library was a short-lived reprint series from the late 2000s. Looking at its offerings, I'm not entirely sure what its focus was supposed to be: clearly Silver Age material, but beyond that it seems a pretty eclectic mix. Some of it was high-profile storylines, such as this volume and Superman: Kryptonite Nevermore, but there was also a comprehensive artist run (the complete George Peréz Justice League of America) and a bunch of Batman Annuals... why exactly? And some of them hadn't been collected before (like Kryptonite Nevermore), other volumes had been collected before—like this one, which reprints issues previously printed in volumes 5 and 6 of the Legion of Super-Heroes Archives.

Still, while my drive to collect all Legion collected editions usually draws the line at collecting the same material twice over (e.g., I have not and will not pick up the Silver Age omnibus volumes, nor any DC Finest collections with only already reprinted material), I thought this volume intriguing enough to pick up. And indeed, it's a nice package, a well-designed hardcover with sharp design and period-appropriate paper. And how often do you get a collected edition of the Silver Age Legion where every issue is from the same creative team?

This collects issues #346-47, 352-55, and 357 of Adventure Comics, which are all the issues by Jim Shooter, Curt Swan, and George Klein focused on Ferro Lad. All of these were rereads, but I hadn't read them in order, since I read volume 6 of the archive editions long before volume 5. The first story is "One of Us Is a Traitor!"/"The Traitor's Triumph!" This is the story where Ferro Lad joins the Legion. It's a solid story—but it's also the story where Karate Kid, Nemesis Kid, and Princess Projectra join the Legion, and it's very much focused on the first of those two; we get little sense of Ferro Lad.

Ferro Lad's big contribution.
from Adventure Comics vol. 1 #347
The collection then jumps ahead to "The Fatal Five!"/"The Doomed Legionnaire!" (Ferro Lad only appeared in two of the intervening issues according to the GCD, and I'm assuming he was just one of the crowd.) This is a very famous story, it's what the title of the collection alludes to, and it both works and doesn't work.

What works is the introduction of the Fatal Five. I had forgotten they weren't really a supervillain team on their original appearance, but actually a media nickname for five of the Science Police's most wanted criminals. The Legion gets a briefing on them, but are interrupted when an entity known as the "Sun-Eater" (it does what it sounds like) enters the galaxy, advancing toward Earth. With all but five members of the Legion on a mission to another dimension, they ended up deciding to recruit the Fatal Five for assistance. This is all very well done: the Legion's desperation works, but in particular the Fatal Five really work; lots of comics writers struggle to come up with one good villain, but Shooter comes up with five in one got, with interesting personalities and powers, and Swan and Klein give them all great visual designs. I particularly like both the Emerald Empress (neat visual gimmick with the Emerald Eye, fun personality) and Validus (cool looking, sort of tragic). They bring a lot of spark to the story.

Somehow I feel like she would have gotten out of this even without Superboy's help.
from Adventure Comics vol. 1 #352

The shift to the Legion and the Fatal Five working to attack the Sun-Eater is also great, with good use of everyone's powers and a real sense of desperation. Shooter is a smart writer, really thinking through ways to make his story dynamic and clever.

It wasn't until writing up this review that I realized his name was Validus, not Validius. I like my version better.
from Adventure Comics vol. 1 #353

Unfortunately, after a great first three-quarters, it all falls apart in the last part. One, Ferro Lad's decision to sacrifice himself just isn't given enough weight; he does it, blam, he's dead, like Shooter ran out of pages after all that impressive buildup. Second, we barely know Ferro Lad! I know the fact that Shooter created him was also the reason he was allowed to kill him off, but he's just been a guy in crowd scenes aside from his initiation scene. I don't feel anything because I don't know this guy from Adam, unfortunately. One wishes Shooter had postponed his idea here, given Ferro Lad more to do in some other stories, then killed him off. Or... killed off someone else! (Sun Boy?) Either way, the story ends with a fizzle.

Doesn't Tenzil actually go into politics later on? Wait, earlier on?
from Adventure Comics vol. 1 #354
Lastly, the collection contains two stories dealing with the aftereffects of Ferro Lad's death. One is the legendary "Adult Legion" story, where Superman visits the Legion, and thus it's about twenty years in the future of what we normally know. The villain here is Ferro Lad's twin brother, though he turns out to be the patsy of the Legion of Super-Villains. It's fine, I always find this story a bit silly. (All of the adult male Legionnaires have receding hairlines and smoke pipes.) The other is about the Legion behind haunted by the ghost of Ferro Lad. This one is slight but well done; I like the villain's plan and I like the bit about the actual ghost(???) helping Superboy, though my favorite part is that Shooter correctly identifies that the two Legionnaires least likely to believe in all this ghost malarkey are Brainiac 5 and Saturn Girl. I also really like how Swan and Klein draw the "ghost" of Ferro Lad.

Alas, cooler in death than he ever was in life.
from Adventure Comics vol. 1 #357
So, a nice little collection. I want to hunt down some other of these DC Comics Classics Library editions now! On top of that, when I left it lying around, my seven-year-old picked it up; they'd tried to read volume 1 of the Legion Archives and bounced off it in the past, but they sped through this and expressed interest in reading more Legion comics, so mission accomplished! They also saw the ad for Kryptonite Nevermore in the back and were intrigued by the cover image—how could Superman break kryptonite chains!?!—so that's probably in our future as well.

I read a Legion of Super-Heroes collection every six months. Next up in sequence: Legion of Super-Heroes Archives, Volume 8