Back to World War II (Blackhawk #251–73)

I've chronicled here DC's various attempt to keep the Blackhawks a going concern after World War II. They had them battle aliens (see #3 below), then supercriminals (#4); later they the made them into counterinsurgents (#5), superheroes (#6), and mercenaries (#7). Each attempt ended in failure, the Blackhawks being cancelled or reinvented yet again.

In 1982, though, the same new approach was taken twice over, which was to go back to an old approach. I've already written up the 1982 Blackhawk novel (#8 below), but at the same time that novel came out, the comics themselves were taking the same approach: going back to World War II.

But of course. What other approach was there? Some concepts are endlessly adaptable; Superman might have been devised during the Great Depression as an expression of populist sentiment, but he has worked and continues to work in different contexts. But other concepts are not. The Blackhawks are an expression of a particular time and place. They are about banding together to fight the Nazis... and though I can see some ways in which they might be made to work otherwise (I did like the brief run of the Blackhawks as counterinsurgents), by and large they become pointless if you have them do anything else.

So, even though the 1982-84 run picks up the numbering from where we left off in 1977, with issue #251, the story does not. Instead, we essentially have a total reboot.* Artist Dan Spiegle and writer Mark Evanier take us back to 1940, before the U.S. even entered the war, and the Blackhawks were an indenpendent organization of pilots battling the Nazis. The series's twenty-three issues cover June through September, predating even the timeframe of the original run from Quality Comics—but in a contemporary, 1980s style.

from Blackhawk vol. 1 #256 (script by Mark Evanier, art by Dan Spiegle)

To me, this is clearly the best that Blackhawk has been so far. And (even though I am hopeful I will enjoy future permutations of the concept) if you told me this was going to be the best it ever was, I would neither be surprised nor disappointed. This is surely the plantoic ideal of a Blackhawk comic, back in its original time and place but with modern stylings of character and plot. (Well, I guess the 1980s aren't modern anymore... in fact they're as old now as the original Quality comics were when this run came out! But to me, anyway, the 1980s and '90s are when superhero comics largely peaked in any case.) Evanier and Spiegle, in both writing and art, treat the Blackhawks as distinct personalities with real characters, and weave them into ongoing plotlines.

Missteps here are rare, but there are two particularly praiseworthy stories, in my opinion. The first is #253, "The Private War of Hendrickson." In this issue the Blackhawks learn that even though Hendrickson is always writing letters to his wife... she has in fact been dead for a year! And the letters bear little resemblance to reality, because in the letters he portrays himself as a respected elder of the squadron due to his experience in the First World War, but in reality while the other Blackhawks respect his sharpshooting, they have a tendency to treat him as an elderly fussbudget when he gives advice. Has Hendrickson lost his connection to reality? It's a great character-focused story with a solid twist at the end.

The other really good story is #265, "What's the Matter with Chop-Chop?" Evanier treats what you might call "the problem of Chop-Chop" (here named "Wu Cheng") head on. From the beginning, Evanier and Spiegle treat him as a real person; there's no queue or other visual stereotypes, and when he speaks with an accent, it's to deliberately fool racist Nazis into underestimating him. In the lettercol, Evanier opines he's not totally sure what to do with the character—but after he prints some letters praising him for moving away from the stereotype, a newspaper in Virginia actually ran an op-ed claiming that by attempting to not be racist, Evanier was being historically inaccurate! This very obviously gets Evanier's dander up, and in #265, Wu Cheng gets fed up with the way everyone else on the squadron treats him. Eventually his anger boils over and he demands to know why he doesn't wear a uniform... and no one is able to answer him! It's a good depiction how racism doesn't have to be sticking people into concentration camps, it can also be unquestioned assumptions driving your behaviors. He gets a real uniform and to use his real name.

(If the story has a downside, other than the ease by which the other Blackhawks recognize their own fault, it's that Wu Cheng then takes a leave of absence from issues #266 to 272, so we get to see very little of the new incarnation of "Chop-Chop" in the series.)

from Blackhawk vol. 1 #263
(script by Mark Evanier, art by Dan Spiegle)

Dan Spiegle is an artist previously unknown to me, but he's great. Good faces, good storytelling, good action. In fact, one of my few complaints about this series is that it clearly deserved better printing! This was the era of DC's beautiful Baxter series, like The Omega Men, Infinity, Inc., or Sun Devils, and I think Spiegle's work would have looked so good on that crisp white paper instead of with the blurry printing it sometimes gets here.

Other standouts include #258, "The Death of Blackhawk Island!", where a prototype Nazi atomic bomb destroys Blackhawk Island, complete with a Cold War–era frame decrying nuclear weaponry, and #271, "The Silent Treatment," where Gaynor, the Blackhawk substituting for Wu Cheng, reveals his true colors. There are lots of ongoing subplots; perhaps most prominent is the beautiful Nazi superspy Domino, who ends up having a thing for Blackhawk and vice versa... but is too far gone for any kind of love to every be realized. It's the kind of ongoing melodrama that I dig.

I do have a couple complaints. The first is that while we have those two issues focused on Hendrickson and Wu Cheng, the other characters rarely get that kind of focus. Evanier always gives them stuff to do, but most issues focus on Blackhawk himself, not any of the others. And I must admit that I do kind of miss the vibe of those early Quality issues, where the rogue status of the Blackhawks meant that even Allied command was rarely happy to see them; here, they're taking orders from Allied and palling around with Winston Churchill, and I miss that harder edge. The other thing is... not enough dogfights! C'mon, give me just one tense plane-on-plane battle!

The last highlight of the series is the "Blackhawk Detached Service Diary" entries. Many issues have a sixteen-page main story about the whole team followed by an eight-page back-up focusing on just one character; what makes these particularly enjoyable is that they are drawn by many great comic artists: Dave Cockrum, Alex Toth & Frank Giacoia, Joe Staton, past Blackhawk artist Pat Boyette, and even future Blackhawk writer/artist Howard Chaykin. Two issues (#260 and 268) are even entirely made up of "Detached Service Diary" entries with a slight frame story. Lots of solid stories here, but my favorites were probably "The Funny Man!" (#260, art by Dick Rockwell), where Hendrickson meets a stand-up comic who dares to criticize his superiors; "The Big Dealer!" (#265, art by Pat Boyette), where André's plane is stolen by a black market racketeer who sells it for parts; and "The Aritst!" (#272, art by Ken Steacy), where Hendrickson is taken hostage by a Nazi assassin and only a painter of "good girl" nosecone art can save him.

(Oh, and as I've tried to highlight in my post here, some truly excellent covers. Striking stuff.)

I also read an issue of DC Comics Presents, DC's Bronze Age Superman team-up title. In #69 (script by Mark Evanier, art by Irv Novick & Dennis Jensen), Superman travels back in time to World War II to find out why Perry White received a medal for war reporting when he doesn't remember being a war correspondent! The answer involves a Nazi plot to replace Olympic athletes and use Albert Einstein to create supersoliders. It's a bit silly, to be honest; Superman doesn't really get to team up with the Blackhawks. (Note that DCCP #69 came out the same day as Blackhawk #270, but in the lettercol, Evanier indicates it occurs between issues #259 and 261.)

Like I said, I overall very much enjoyed this. In some ways, the 1980s are my favorite era for superhero(-adjacent) comics, applying more sophisticated storytelling techniques and characterization than in the Silver Age, but not yet lost to decompression, gratuitous darkness/violence, and the eternal chasing of "events." Going back to World War II in the 1980s gives us the best Blackhawk of both worlds.

This is the ninth post in a series about the Blackhawks. The next installment is a supplement covering their pre-Crisis continuity. Previous installments are listed below:

1. The Blackhawk Archives, Volume 1 (1941-42)
2. Military Comics #18-43 / Modern Comics #44-46 / Blackhawk #9 & 50 (1943-52)
3. Showcase Presents Blackhawk, Volume One (1957-58) 
4. Blackhawk vol. 1 #151-95 (1960-64) 
5. Blackhawk vol. 1 #196-227 (1964-66)
6. Blackhawk vol. 1 #228-43 (1967-68)
7. Blackhawk vol. 1 #244-50 / The Brave and the Bold #167 (1976-80)
8. Blackhawk (1982)

* It boggles my mind that in 1982, if you were reviving a title that was five years dead and starting a totally new continuity in the process, it was still considered better to number it #251 than #1!

Review: Star Trek Omnibus, Volume 1 by Martin Pasko, Dave Cockrum, Klaus Janson, et al.

Comic trade paperback, 324 pages
Published 2009 (contents: 1980-82)
Acquired June 2009
Read May 2019

Star Trek Omnibus, Volume 1

Script by Marv Wolfman, Mike W. Barr (with Denny O'Neil), Tom DeFalco, Martin Pasko (with Alan Brennert), Michael Fleisher, and J. M. DeMatteis
Pencils by Dave Cockrum, Mike Nasser, Leo Duranona, Joe Brozowski, Luke McDonnell, Gil Kane, and Ed Hannigan
Inks by Klaus Janson, Ricardo Villamonte, Frank Springer, Tom Palmer (with Marie Severin & Dave Simons), Gene Day, Gil Kane, and Sal Trapani
Colors by Carl Gafford and Shelly Leferman

Letters by Jim Novak, John Costanza, Rick Parker (with Harry Blumfield), Ray Burzon, Joe Rosen, John Morelli, Janice Chiang, and Shelly Leferman

This volume collects issues #4-18 of Marvel's Star Trek ongoing (#1-3 were collected in the Movie Classics Omnibus), which ran from 1980 to 1982. Following on from the events of The Motion Picture, these comics have two reputations that aren't entirely earned.

from Star Trek #6 (script by Mike W. Barr, art by Dave Cockrum & Klaus Janson)

The first is that they're terrible. I don't think so. There are some not-great ones, sure, particularly the dumb opening two-parter where the Enterprise is haunted, and it turns out to be some guy's mental projections based on horror films he watched! There are also ones where the Enterprise battles the Loch Ness Monster and gnomes, and one where Kirk thinks he's a pharaoh. I'm not sure what's up with these old horror standbys; they sound like they might be campy fun, but are just boring. But there are some solid Star Trek stories here: a guy is seemingly killed beaming up to the Enterprise but Spock finds the trick; Spock and McCoy are forced to interfere in the development of a primitive society; Janice Rand moves on with her life but ends up in deep trouble beyond the galactic barrier; McCoy struggles to reconcile with his daughter... who's married a Vulcan! Nothing too flashy, and still sometimes goofy, but solid, interesting Star Trek work.

from Star Trek #7 (script by Tom DeFalco, art by Mike Nasser & Klaus Janson)

I was particularly struck by the thematic consistency with Motion Picture; there are lots of stories of ancient computers and/or would-be gods. Also I enjoyed the emphasis on elements that later Star Treks ignored; Chief DiFalco becomes a friend of Sulu and Chekov for example, and Janice Rand gets some moments as transporter chief, and the perscan belts are even employed on occasion. The comics do suffer, however, from a bevy of rotating writers and artists. Martin Pasko has a good run as writer, but writes just over half of the issues himself. Dave Cockrum and Klaus Janson do good work (Cockrum drew the Legion, so of course he can do Star Trek), but handle just a third of the issues.

from Star Trek #9 (script by Martin Pasko, art by Dave Cockrum & Frank Springer)

The other oft-claimed thing about this comic is that Marvel had only licensed Motion Picture itself, and this could only use elements of Star Trek that appeared in the film. Supposedly a couple references were snuck in. But once you get reading, I'd say more issues use ideas from the original series (and the cartoon) than don't. There's an Antosian from "Whom Gods Destroy," the disease choriocytosis from "The Pirates of Orion," the galactic barrier from "Where No Man Has Gone Before," Kirk's backstory from "Court Martial," the Klingon stasis weapon from "More Tribbles, More Troubles," recurring characters like Kyle and DeSalle, and so much more! Christopher Bennett has suggested that perhaps "the restriction on Marvel was that they couldn't use storylines from TOS, rather than a blanket ban on concepts from TOS." But in Back Issue! no. 5, writer Mike Barr claims they thought they couldn't even use the Vulcan mind meld until someone was told Spock did one in The Motion Picture (the relevant issue was written before the film was even released!). He doesn't really discuss where all the other references come from.

from Star Trek #11 (script by Martin Pasko, art by Joe Brozowski & Tom Palmer)

As per usual for IDW collections of archival material, the paratext leaves something to be desired. The back cover calls these comics "the first-ever original Trek stories for comics," completely missing the existence of a Star Trek comic book published by Gold Key from 1967 to 1979 that lasted for 61 issues!

Next Week: We find out what happened between Star Treks III and IV, in volume 6 of the Star Trek Archives... the Mirror Universe Saga!

Review: Legion of Super-Heroes Archives, Volume 10 by Cary Bates, Dave Cockrum, et al.

Comic hardcover, 230 pages
Published 2000 (contents: 1971-74)
Acquired December 2015
Read February 2019

Legion of Super-Heroes Archives, Volume 10

Writers: E. Nelson Bridwell, Cary Bates

Pencillers: Ross Andru, George Tuska, Dave Cockrum
Inkers: Mike Esposito, George Tuska, Vincent Colletta, Murphy Anderson, Dave Cockrum, Mike Grell
Letterers: Joe Letterese, Ben Oda

In my jumping back and forth across the history of the original Legion, I now come to this, one of its periods of revitalization and rebirth. It sets the stage for volume 11-13, which I've already read, and found enjoyable, if inconsistent. They were clearly trying to hook in some new readers, because the volume opens with stylish new costumes being floated, as well as a map of Legion HQ and a brief recap of the origins of the Legion.

I just love the 1960s-college-girl vibe of Saturn Girl's second outfit here.
from Adventure Comics vol. 1 #403 (script by E. Nelson Bridwell, art by Ross Andru & Mike Esposito)

The new costumes are mostly fun. Sent in by fans, some would end up actually being used in the stories, like Duo Damsel's. Actually, there's one story (see below) where all the characters are in their new clothes, but these don't last-- most revert to their old outfits or get new new ones when Dave Cockrum takes over as regular artist. Others I wish had been used; Saturn Girl's winter outfit is a delightful alternative to her usual one-piece swimsuit, and I dig Shrinking Violet's very 1960s one. (Cockrum also debuts the new, Star Trek-influenced design for the Legion cruiser that would stick for the rest of the classic Legion's run.)

These are both pretty bad. The point where Projectra's top cuts off is awkward looking, and is Shadow Lass's even a costume? Plus gratuitous upskirt, way to go guys.
from Superboy vol. 1 #183 (script by Cary Bates, art by George Tuska & Vincent Colletta)

Most of the rest of the stories here are pretty generic Legion pablum. You've read worse (they've gotten out of their be-assholes-to-each-other-for-no-reason-other-than-to-drive-the-story-forwards phase), but you've also read better (Cary Bates writes most of them, and I don't think he was as interested in delving into the mythology as Jim Shooter was or Paul Levitz would, though he does use a pleasing amount of old villains instead of coming up with new, forgettable ones like many Legion writers).

This shows off what became Projectra's permanent outfit. Its cohesion always seemed a little... improbable to me, especially in battle, but I guess her power is illusion-casting.
from Superboy starring the Legion of Super-Heroes #199 (script by Cary Bates, art by Dave Cockrum)

Next Week: Back to Doctor Who-- the Doctor tries to get in touch with his Human Nature!