07 November 2025

Star Trek Adventures: Haradin Species Description

The Haradin are a species mentioned just once in Star Trek, in the episode "E²"; they don't appear, we're just told that Haradin traders gave the NX-01 some improved engine components in alternate future during its trip in the Delphic Expanse. Probably no one would ever remember them at all, it's just one of those random one-off asides that are peppered throughout Star Trek, but I did—because I was the one who wrote their Memory Alpha article! (That's their only canonical mention, but they are mentioned briefly in two books, in similar circumstances as off-screen trading partners.)

I like to have some level of consistency and worldbuilding when playing Star Trek Adventures (I suppose most GMs do), so in my original campaign, I used the Haradin as sort of the generic filler race in the region of space the players were exploring. When they found a couple traders imprisoned by the Romulans in "A Star Beyond the Stars," I made some of them Haradin; when they came across a refugee settlment in "Signals," I made it into a Haradin settlement. I tended to drop them into dialogue periodically in those typical Star Trek lines, the sort of things where people say, "We've had offers from all sorts: the Ferengi, the Orions, the Haradin."

Had I made it to running "Convoy SE-119," I would have made the pirates there into Haradin. I had tentative notes on other episodes I'd've liked to run, and in some of those, I mentioned I'd make the aliens-of-the-week into Haradin as well: "Trouble on Omned III," "Drawing Deeply from the Well," "Ends and Means," "A Cure Worse than the Disease."

Due to this, my ideas about who and what the Haradin were evolved piecemeal. I'd made the Haradin in "Signals" into refugees—so refugees from what? My idea was that the Haradin were the dominant species beyond the Rim of the Starlight, but their government had recently collapsed. Thus you had different groups of Haradin throughout the area, living on colonies now on their own, some no longer able to be sustained. The word "Harad" I intended to describe not a planet, but it was in fact their name for the whole region of space. Most of these ideas didn't come to fruition, of course, because my players only met them twice!

When I started a new campaign, it was in continuity with my old one, set six years later. So I built on what I had been doing; when I ran "Hard Rock Catastrophe," I changed its Saurian colony into a Haradin one. When I finally ran "Convoy SE-119," I kept the pirates as Haradin, and made their new leader General Zotabia, the villain of "Hard Rock Catastrophe." (This was a last-minute idea that ended up unlocking the whole story arc of my second season.) My ideas about what "Harad" was evolved to meet the new setting and some new themes I wanted to explore; obviously the Haradin couln't be from a single region now because this campaign's Ekumene sector was nowhere near the old one's Rim of the Starlight.

My players seemed decently intrigued by what was going on with the Haradin, particularly when they had a very frustrating conversation with some captured Haradin pirates in "Convoy SE-119"; the pirates said Harad had been invaded, and scoffed in disbelief when my players asked where Harad was or who had invaded it. I decided to give them a hint in the first season finale, when the digital consciousness Mercury, who had spent weeks observing the Haradin undercover, gave them the piece of information that in their language, the word Harad meant "universe."

I thus leaned into them more during season two; the players rescued the Haradin pirates from Klingon captivity in the season premiere, and got hints about them during the third episode, all of this leading up to a finale centered on the Haradin. I had to do a lot of thinking about the Haradin to make this happen, so here I've typed up some of my notes and other thoughts. 


Species Physiology

M'Syrolath, matriarch of Clan Marvek
The Haradin are a humanoid species; they have thick purple skin that can range from dark mauve to a light lilac, which is often ridged. Some have hair, though hairlessness is more common. On some, the ridges on their heads extend into dangling tentacles. Some features can vary wildly between different Haradin ethnicities; some have human-like ears, some pointed Vulcanian ears, some ears that are merged into the head, some no visible ears at all.

(I'm not the kind of GM who thinks about species abilities very much, to be honest; since almost all of my Haradin NPCs were originally NPCs of other species, I just maintained whatever was on the character sheet originally.)

Species Origin and Residence

The Haradin must have a home planet, in the sense that any humanoid alien species must have evolved somewhere, but if they ever knew their origin, it has been long forgotten, and on top of that, they consider it irrelevant. Among the multiple meanings of Harad in their language is "universe"; the Haradin consider themselves residents of the universe. Many Haradin go their whole lives without ever stepping foot on a planet. The majority of spaceborn Haradin reside on the great clan-ships (see below), at least hypothetically; some Haradin traders might go many years between return visits, or live on a space station elsewhere.

interior city on a clan-ship
Haradin can be found across the entirety of the Alpha Quadrant and probably even beyond; they are essential to the economies of many regions and civilizations. Unrest among the Haradin can severely disrupt the economies of many societies across local space. Particular concentrations of Haradin have been noted in the Ekumene sector, the Delphic Expanse, and beyond the Rim of the Starlight, probably due to presence of one or more clan-ships in each region. (For example, Clan Marvek, led by Matriarch M'Syrolath, is based in the Ekumene sector.)

Over the centuries, however, some Haradin have settled on planets. One particular Haradin colony, for example, is on Ryuku in the Ekumene sector. Some of these colonies are independent; others have affiliations with and are supported by particular ship-clans. There are some groups of Haradin who consider these planetbound Haradin to not be "true" Haradin; see more discussion of this below.

The Clan-Ships and the Ship-Clans

Haradin clan-ship

Most Haradin consider their homes the great clan-ships (traëlin-vurek in Haradin, literally "ships that belong to the clans"), which are typically ten miles in diameter and a hundred miles long. With 40% of the interior volume given over to dense city living, a typical clan-ship has a population of a half billion. They have warp drives, but are rarely used except in times of emergency; rather, they make their way slowly through the deepest recesses of interstellar space. Each ship-clan (vurekin-traël, "clans that belong to the ships") considers one of these its home, and Haradin traders return to them between their journeys. Each of the clan-ships is a hive of activity, with all the various comings and goings. Outsiders are very rarely allowed on board clan-ships. The Haradin do most of their trading with aliens in those aliens' space. 

The ship-clan leader is chosen from among the leading families; they are typically women. The matriarch is assisted by a group of ministers, also chosen from among the leading families. Each clan is organized differently, but Clan Marvek, for example, has a Representative Council made up of 794 members (so each representative covers a district of ~630,000 people). The only clan-wide votes that happen are referenda—these can be either called by the Matriarch in advance of a significant decision (for example, whether to relocate the clan-ship), or invoked by vote of a certain threshold of the Representative Council. Before the collapse of Harad, these votes were carried out by members of the ship-clan voting via their communications implants (see below). This also used to be how local district elections were carried out, but since the collapse of Harad, each district had evolved its own procedures for in-person elections.

In order to maintain careful monitoring of imports and exports for tax purposes, matter transportation is strictly forbidden to and within a clan-ship; all approaching ships must dock, and a monorail system is used for movement within the ship's interior. 

puddle-pig on an interior farm
Though the food supplies for the ships are partially sustained through imports, there are farms aboard the clan-ships. The main feed animal is the plorthik (affectionately called the "puddle-pig"), semi-gelatinous, quadrupedal herbivores about the size of a small dog. Their bodies resemble translucent, pastel-colored blobs with stubby legs and oversized, expressive eyes perched atop gentle stalks. Despite their wobbling, pudding-like appearance, they move with surprising agility and coordination, especially when herded. Their coloration ranges from soft peach to pale mint green, often changing hue slightly depending on mood or diet. They are primarily raised for their nutrient-rich mucus, which is harvested sustainably and used as a base for protein rations or medical salves. They are easily startled by loud noises, whereupon they "boing" into the air with a soft squelch, often landing upside-down until righted.

The Meaning of Harad and Haradin

Beshlor, pirate captain
As stated above, Harad is a word that means "universe" in the Haradin language; thus Harad is sometimes translated as "universe" or simply "space" (especially "deep space") into Federation Standard. A Haradin saying "I've lived in Harad my whole life" is just stating that they've never lived on a planet.

However, Harad is also the name the Haradin give to a massive communications network that stretches across the quadrant. Individual Haradin have receiver/transmitters implanted in their brains as adolescents that give them access to the network; it's not interactive like web sites or Twitter, more like receiving a podcast stream or radio feed in your brain. There was a large central transmitter that then broadcast to relay transmitters on clan-ships, which then routed the signals to individual Haradin. This allowed the Haradin to maintain a cultural identity despite their wide dispersal. Though funded by the Haradin government, the transmitter network was managed independently, and thus mostly avoided being caught up in politics (sort of a space BBC or NPR). The transmitter network uses a lower domain of subspace (almost a "subsubspace") that means its transmissions cannot be detected by a Federation starship not specifically configured to detect it.

Esha Vortan, Return to Harad recruit
Haradin born on planets typically did not get the receivers implanted in their brains. Note that after 2371, the transmitter ceased operation; more about this below.

If in conversation with a Haradin that doesn't know any foreign languages, this overlapping of concepts can lead to a lot of confusion; a Haradin might express surprise that someone else doesn't know what Harad is (because it means "universe" to them) or talk about the "invasion" of Harad (more on that below) or even its collapse in a way that indicates you ought to know about it (because how could you not know what happened to the universe).

The word Haradin is formed from Harad and the suffix -in, which literally means "from"—for example, their word for "human" is Earthin, or their word for "Vulcan" Vulcanin. But it also carries a connotation of rightful belonging, one is Haradin because you belong in Harad. So the Haradin are not just from the universe, but the rightful inhabitants of the universe. As stated above, some Haradin reside on planets, but for this reason there is often a faint sense of suspicion they are not true Haradin, for they no longer live in Harad.

clan-ship monorail system
In Haradin, the suffix -güi is the opposite of -in, indicating a lack of belonging. The word Haradgüi would literally translate into Standard as "alien" or simply "non-Haradin," but it carries the connotation of those who do not belong in Harad—that is to say, those who do not belong in space.

Conversely, sometimes one may become Haradin even if born of a different species, by assimilating to the Haradin way of life—all you must do is establish your own belonging to the universe. Thus there are pockets of immigrants aboard some of the clan-ships whom outsiders might refer to as non-Haradin, but the Haradin themselves would not make that distinction. For example, there are groups of Orions, Yridians, and Lissepians in Clan Marvek. They make up about 1.5% of the ship-clan population; the one district with a majority non-Haradin population is called Oriontown. There are some hard-line Haradin nativists, however, who would say that once Haradgüi, always Haradgüi.

The Haradin and the Federation

Orven Jadrel, history professor

The first significant contacts between the Haradin and the future members of the United Federation of Planets were recorded in the mid-22nd century in the (former) Delphic Expanse. As the Federation expanded, it encountered the Haradin more and more, but the Haradin always remained something of a mystery to the Federation. The universal translator did not work out, for example, that Harad meant universe, and thus as far as the Federation was concerned, the term referred to a planet. The Federation had heard of the great clan-ships, but no one had ever been aboard one.

In the 23rd century, there was some significant commerce between the Federation and individual Haradin traders, the Federation usually being particularly interested in new knowledge; for example, the Federation acquired a used Orion database from the Haradin that contained samples of many previously unknown languages. Especially on the frontier, Haradin traders were often essential to local economies, but then they would be displaced as the Federation built up its own infrastructure in a region of space.

University of Marvek
During the Dominion War, a Haradin trading vessel found a disabled Breen vessel in the Helaspont Nebula, which was sold to the planet Kropasar; they knew the inhabitants of this nonaligned world, renowned for their advanced biotechnology, would be interested in the Breen's own biotech. The existence of this vessel was leaked to the Federation and, unable to acquire it by legal means, it was stolen by a Starfleet Intelligence strike force (the Federation needing any advantage it could get with the Breen having entered the war on the side of the Dominion).

The Collapse and Invasion of Harad

Vekshari, puddle-pig farmer
By 2371, the Haradin government was struggling. Some historians identify three main causes. One was that the Haradin were simply spreading out over a wider and wider area of space, leading to increased feelings of disunity, and sentiments among some Haradin that they were so far-flung, the central Haradin government was not responsive to their needs.

Second was the increasing spread of the Federation; as the Federation fully embraced its post-monetary phase in the 24th century, there was little use for Haradin traders in areas they had previously been essential to.

Third was that the conflicts of the 2350s onward (e.g., the Cardassian Wars, the Galen Border Conflict, the Borg incursion of 2366, brewing tensions with the Dominion) dampened trade opportunities across the quadrant, causing a depression in the Haradin economy that the already struggling, overstretched Haradin government struggled to respond to.

Thalera Neshek, transmitter manager
Details about what happened exactly are vague, but in early 2371, the Haradin government collapsed. The Haradin had never had a strong central government, most governmental functions being carried out on the local level by the ship-clans.

The most visible negative consequence of this was that the central transmitter of Harad (its location still a mystery to outsiders) ceased functioning or was possibly even physically destroyed; outside historians do not really know for sure. Some planetary Haradin colonies began to struggle without the resources from the government that previously sustained them, leading to a refugee crisis beyond the Rim of the Starlight

This is the event that many Haradin refer to as the collapse of Harad. For those without the frame of reference for what Harad is, this is confusing terminology, and many in the Federation thus believed their planet may have been destroyed.

General Zotabia

The collapse of Harad has given rise to more nativist sentiments among the Haradin, a growing antagonism against the Federation and all other Haradgüi. Many of these use inflammatory rhetoric of "invasion" to refer to the events of the past decade or so, calling the encroachment of the Federation into areas of space previously dominated by Haradin trade routes the invasion of Harad. This is confusing terminology to non-Haradin (a Haradin who buys into this rhetoric would react with incredulity if a Starfleet officer asked who invaded Harad, for example, because how could one not know about the invasion of the universe!), but the "invasion" of Harad is basically the point—about a decade ago—where the Haradin began to realize that it was Federation ships that were dominating the spacelanes, not their own.

The Dominion War exacerbated this, and is considered part of the "invasion" as well. Partially this is because to some Haradin, all aliens are Haradgüi. But also the Dominion War really did eat into Haradin prosperity by restricting their trade routes; they lost access to half the quadrant. Many Haradin have fallen on hard times. Without a central government to manage it, the Haradin economy has continued to struggle.

The Rise of Zotabia and "Return to Harad"

"Return to Harad" campaign poster

In 2377, after the Dominion War, nativist groups began popping up with greater frequency throughout Haradin society, both among the ship-clans and on the planetary settlements. One such group arose on the colony Ryuku, "Return to Harad," advocating for an abandonment of planetary settlement. After a series of terrorist attacks, the ringleader of the organization was exposed as General Zotabia, commander of the Ryuku military. Zotabia was imprisoned, but loyalists liberated him, and he escaped the planet in a battleship.

Zotabia ended up joining forces with a group of Haradin pirates, winning them over with his rhetoric, and using them to form the core of a fledgling interstellar movement. Many outside of the movement refer to it as New Harad, but Zotabia rejects this appellation. It is not a New Harad, but the Harad of old, reclaimed. Zotabia's rhetoric, which demonizes the Federation and other Haradgüi, as well as what he calls the ineffective or even traitorous ship-clan administrations, for the difficulties faced by the Haradin, is increasingly popular among the many in the ship-clans. 

Unbeknownst to many, Return to Harad's philosophy is being spread through reactivated transmitter networks on individual clan-ships. No longer managed by the Haradin government, the ship-clan transmitters are now in the hands of Zotabia loyalists, who use them to broadcast nativist anti-Haradgüi propaganda directly into people's brains, slowly radicalizing them through their media diet.

Haradin lined up to vote

A public referendum is being held among Clan Marvek to determine if it will affiliate with Zotabia's movement. Pressure against the existing ship-clan leadership has been growing thanks to their inability to manage an outbreak of the anatid space flu among the plorthik; as the disease originated off-ship, it is only giving Zotabia a further excuse to demonize Haradgüi. Growing anti-Federation sentiment among the Haradin is also creating difficulties out on the Federation frontier in regions such as the Ekumene sector, which does still depend on Haradin trade.

Return to Harad Rhetoric

Norex Talven, Supervisor of Elections
Here's the way a member of Return to Harad might speak to someone from Starfleet: "We don’t have planets to go back to. Space isn’t a route to us—it’s home. And people like you, they don’t live here. You just visit long enough to change everything. We were born in the black between stars. Our blood runs cold with vacuum. No mud, no wind, no crawling roots beneath our feet. You want to take that from us."

This is a speech by General Zotabia, broadcast over the Haradin transmitter network from the Marvek clan-ship:

Brothers and sisters of the Void, true-born in vacuum, proud heirs of Harad—

I stand before you tonight not as some matriarch groveling at the feet of the Federation. Not as some weak-kneed trader begging for port access. No. I stand as your voice. And I am here to say what they are too afraid to admit.

Our space is under invasion.

They won’t call it that. They use words like cooperation, exchange, outreach. But we know better. You’ve seen it. Ships full of Earthin and Tellarin and Bajorin flooding our orbits. Barging into our ports. Speaking in soft voices while they push us out of our own hangars.

And they bring their rules, their culture, their gravity-choked values. Have you tried to dock at Motherlode recently? Since they joined the Federation, Haradin ships that have travelled that route for generations find themselves turned away for failing “safety inspections.” They are imposing their rules on our Harad. They even banned radiant spice on Kalet IX because it “offends” Andorians!

And they breed, oh do they breed. Families of Haradgüi, five to a berth, living off subsidies, draining our air, draining our power. And our children—our children—are being told in school that Harad doesn’t belong to us alone. That we should share it.

That’s a lie. That’s a crime against our ancestors.

We are Haradin because we belong in space. We were forged in vacuum. Our ship-clans crossed the stars when Earthin were still learning to boil water. And now those same primitives lecture us about “inclusivity”? No thank you.

Let me tell you something. When I’m in command of the high routes—when I seal the outer lanes—we will take back every dock, every relay, every forge from the stinking claws of the Federation, from the Klingons, from the Ferengi.

No more cultural dilution. No more language training for Haradgüi immigrants. No more free berth-rations for alien crews who don’t even know what a flux anchor is.

We will purify our sky.

We will build walls of radiation and steel around our ports. We will fly only Haradin flags from our antennae. And if they say we’re intolerant? Good. Let them say it from behind closed airlocks.

Because this is our space. And I promise you this: We are returning to Harad. 

Example Haradin Names

Many Haradin don't use surnames; for these Haradin, their family name is identical to their clan name, which is fairly useless in a population of half a billion that mostly has the same family name as you. (There's no reasons to go by "Beshlor Marvek" if everyone on your street and indeed half your district is also "[Something] Marvek.") But smaller families subsumed within a clan do use their family names as surnames.

Female

  • Ero Drallen
  • K'manehai 
  • M'Syrolath
  • Thalera Neshek 
  • T'Rumiak
  • T'Rushemei 
  • Vekshari

Male

  • Beshlor
  • Esha Vortan
  • Kelvarin Dreshek 
  • Kilexian
  • Norex Talven 
  • Orven Jadrel
  • Rhex Marnok 
  • Zavreth Korranel 
  • Zotabia

Nonbinary

  • Drev Katel 

Clan Names

  • Marvek
  • Tarnavel 

Sources and Inspirations

Star Trek Adventures Scenarios

  • "Convoy SE-119" by Jim Johnson 
  • "Ends and Means" by Troy Mepyans 
  • "Hard Rock Catastrophe" by Christopher L. Bennett
  • "Signals" by Ian Lemke

Other Inspirations

All images in this post generated by ChatGPT. 

06 November 2025

Reading Roundup Wrapup: October 2025

Pick of the month: Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Adam Hughes, Bart Sears, et al. BWA-HA-HA! But seriously, I didn't have a great month, and this brought me some much-needed joy. My other highlight (for similar reasons) was How Right You Are, Jeeves.

All books read:

  1. Black Panther Adventures by Roy Thomas, John Buscema, et al.
  2. Dangerous Visions edited by Harlan Ellison
  3. Doctor Who: The Coming of the Terraphiles; Or, Pirates of the Second Aether!! by Michael Moorcock
  4. How Right You Are, Jeeves by P. G. Wodehouse
  5. Rumble Fish by S. E. Hinton
  6. Wait, Wait…I’m Not Done Yet! by Carl Kasell
  7. Black Panther: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda, Part Four by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Daniel Acuña, et al.
  8. Star Trek: The Next Generation #2: The Peacekeepers by Gene DeWeese
  9. Doctor Who: Short Trips #26: How The Doctor Changed My Life edited by Simon Guerrier
  10. Star Trek: The Official Motion Picture Adaptation by Mike Johnson & Tim Jones, David Messina, et al.
  11. Doctor Who Magazine: Special Edition #63: Showrunners edited by Marcus Hearn
  12. Star Trek: More Beautiful than Death by David Mack
  13. Norstrilia by Cordwainer Smith
  14. Star Trek, Volume 1 by Mike Johnson, Steve Molnar, and Joe Phillips
  15. Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Adam Hughes, Bart Sears, et al.
  16. Legends: Black Panther by Tochi Onyebuchi, Setor Fiadzigbey, Fran Galán, Enid Balám, Ramón F. Bachs, et al.

All books acquired:

  1. Gabriel Gale's Ages of Oz: A Fiery Friendship by Lisa Fiedler, illustrated by Sebastian Giacobino
  2. Hawkeye: The Saga of Barton and Bishop by Matt Fraction, David Aja, Annie Wu, Javier Pulido, et al.
  3. Legion of Super-Heroes, Volume 2: The Dominators by Paul Levitz, Francis Portela, Scott Kolins, et al. 
  4. Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Adam Hughes, Bart Sears, et al.
  5. Nostrilia by Cordwainer Smith
  6. Peach and the Isle of Monsters by Franco and Agnes Garbowska

Currently reading:

  • Broken Angels by Richard K. Morgan
  • Star Trek: The New Adventures, Volume 2 by Mike Johnson, Ryan Parrott, Stephen Molnar, Erfan Fajar, Claudia Balboni, et al.
  • Star Trek, Volume 2 by Mike Johnson, Joe Corroney, and Joe Phillips
  • Star Trek: The Unsettling Stars by Alan Dean Foster
  • Star Trek: The New Adventures, Volume 5 by Mike Johnson and Tony Shasteen
  • Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 3 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Kevin Maguire, et al.
  • Long Gone, Come Home by Monica Chenault-Kilgore

Because I'm reading my "Kelvin timeline" Star Trek comics in chronological order, I'm jumping between a bunch of different books at once, and thus "currently reading" lots of things.

Up next in my rotations:

  1. Formerly Known as the Justice League by Keith Giffen & J. M. DeMatteis, Kevin Maguire, and Joe Rubinstein
  2. The Worthing Chronicle by Orson Scott Card
  3. Baby Cat-Face by Barry Gifford 
  4. Star Wars: The Clone Wars: The Starcrusher Trap by Mike W. Barr 

Books remaining on "To be read" list: 671 (down 12)

Not only did I read a lot of books this month, but they were actually from my reading list! I have never before, in over twenty years of tracking, had my "To be read" list go down by twelve from one month to the next. My previous record was nine, achieved in both June 2008 and August 2010.

05 November 2025

Black Panther: Wakanda Unbound by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Daniel Acuña, et al.

Black Panther: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda, Part Four

Collection published: 2021
Contents originally published: 2020-21
Read: October 2025
I finally made it to the end of all the Black Panther comics I got in a comiXology sale to commemorate the death of Chadwick Boseman, but those only go up to 2020... and obviously there are five more years of Black Panther comics after that! So I'll be continuing to discuss them, switching from single issues on comiXology to collected editions on Hoopla. That begins with the fourth and final part of The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda, branded as "Wakanda Unbound" on the original issues, though not in the trade.

Writer: Ta-Nehisi Coates
Artists: Ryan Bodenheim, Daniel Acuña & Brian Stelfreeze*
Color Artists: Michael Garland, Daniel Acuña, Chris O'Halloran & Laura Martin
Letterer: Joe Sabino

Anyone who's followed my reviews of Ta-Nehisi Coates's Black Panther run will not be surprised to hear that it fizzles out instead of coming to any kind of interesting climax. Part one of this storyline was gripping if confusing, part two raised lots of interesting ideas, part three returned to the meandering slow style that is Coates's typical approach... and then part four throws away any interesting ideas in favor of endless superhero punchups. I think the idea of Wakanda as an empire in itself is one that could have really had T'Challa questioning his own principles, but we just get a big battle here. Wakanda is a byword for freedom across the galaxy now! But how can it be that easy? Can a formerly oppressive regime just become a force for good? Interesting questions that a writer could ask, but this story just dodges them all in favor of a totally unearned Big Win.

For some reason, a bunch of non-Wakandan superheroes show up for the final battle, but I think only Black ones.
from Black Panther vol. 7 #24 (art by Daniel Acuña)

In the end, I think Coates bit off more than he could chew time and time again. These are superhero comics, fundamentally they must be about punching bad guys in the face, but the very best superhero comics manage to do more than that. Coates was interested in Big Ideas, which I appreciate, but his run consistently failed to marry those Big Ideas to the conventions of the superhero genre, meaning almost every arc had Big Ideas that were discussed a bit but went nowhere, and boring, tacked on action. (Particularly tedious here is the largely dialogue-less, all-action issue.)

ACCESS AN INDEX OF ALL POSTS IN THIS SERIES HERE

* Note that the cover gives credit to Chris Sprouse and Karl Story, but they have no work collected in the volume. I'm assuming someone copied over the cover template of part three, which they did contribute to, and failed to change the names.

04 November 2025

Justice League International Year Three, Part II: The Teasdale Imperative (JLA #31-36 / JLE #7-12)

This post covers the second half of the third year of Justice League International, taking us up to JLA's thirty-sixth issue and JLE's twelfth. This sequence begins with a four-part crossover, The Teasdale Imperative, that alternates between the two titles, then each series finishes out the year with four issues of its own.

Unlike in volume 1 of Justice League International Omnibus, where there was some attempt to put the stories in a reading order, the ones in volume 2 seem to just be interwoven in publication order. I don't think it works terribly well to be jumping back and forth between JLA and JLE when they are each running multipart stories that don't intersect, so I did my best to read the book in an order that made more sense. 

from Justice League Europe #7
So, to that end, I recommend following Teasdale Imperative with issues #33-36 of JLA and then doubling back to read issues #9-12 of JLEJustice League International Special #1 is placed later in the book, but I recommend reading it between issues #10 and 11 of JLE, since Metamorpho's comments about wanting to see his kid indicate he hasn't yet gone looking for him. (Obviously at some point I will need to do a "reading order" post for the series.)

The Teasdale Imperative / "Nitwits, Knuckleheads & Poozers!" / "Club JLI" / "Lifeboat" / "Gnort by Gnortwest" / "Under the Skin" / "After the Fox!" / "The Show Must Go On...and On...and On...and On..." / "Family Ties" / "Bringing Up Baby", from Justice League America #31-32 & Justice League Europe #7-8 (Oct.-Nov. 1989), Justice League America #33-36 (Dec. 1989–Mar. 1990), Justice League Europe #9-10 (Dec. 1989–Jan. 1990), Justice League International Special #1 (1990), and Justice League Europe #11-12 (Feb.-Mar. 1990); reprinted in Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 (2020)
plot and layouts by Keith Giffen; scripts by J. M. DeMatteisBill Loebs, and Len Wein; pencils by Adam HughesBart SearsTom Artis, Art Nichols, and Joe Phillips; inks by Joe RubinsteinPablo Marcos, Art Nichols, Bob Smith, Jose Marzon,* Bruce D. Patterson, and Bart Sears; letters by Albert De GuzmanBob Lappan, and John Costanza; colors by Gene D'Angelo

This run begins with The Teasdale Imperative, a crossover between the two ongoings; the JLA is summoned to a village that the JLE has gone into... and hasn't come out of. I don't think this series is incapable of doing serious, and Giffen in particular has done a great job in portentous mode in other stories (notably his "Five Year Later" run on Legion of Super-Heroes, which was amazingly coming out the same time as this; the man was on fire in 1989!), but I felt like Teasdale Imperative—a somewhat grim story where the team faces down vampires—didn't quite hit the mark. I think maybe, fundamentally, I just don't care about the Gray Man or the Lords of Chaos and Order; I also never really got into the Gray Man story in volume 1 (see entry #1 in the list below).

from Justice League America #33
After this, we shift gears into a run of very comic JLA stories. First, Guy Gardner reunites with fellow Green Lantern Corps member Kilowog, who's at loose ends following the dismantling of the Green Lantern Corps. (I feel like the GLC was being disbanded or destroyed every couple weeks in the 1980s and '90s.) It's a fun story; the two have a knockdown fight... but it's all in good spirits! 

This leads right into the notorious "Club JLI" story, where Blue Beetle and Booster Gold try to make some money by opening a casino on the tropical island of Kooeykooeykooey, which is technically a JLI embassy (following the events of JLI Annual #3; see item #3 below). I found this hilarious: the overly chill but well-educated islanders are always a good gag, Major Disaster and Big Sur of the Injustice League clean out the club financially thanks to card-counting, the island turns out to be alive, Maxwell Lord and a group of JLA members float around the Pacific on a shrinking iceberg. If you don't love this stuff, you don't like life. (Well, maybe you just have different tastes in superhero comics... but surely not very good ones.) Lastly, we get another Gnort story, where he faces down his archenemesis the Scarlet Skier, who he once defeated by accident. Again, hilarity ensues. (The Scarlet Skier is a Silver Surfer parody; instead of working for a massive cosmic force that eats planets, he works for one that redecorates them, but has terrible taste.)

from Justice League Europe #10
Jumping over to JLE, we follow up The Teasdale Imperative by a story where Power Girl, who was injured during the crossover, needs to undergo emergency surgery... only her invulnerability makes it impossible. Sue Dibny has the bright idea to summon Superman, who does it with his heat vision. This issue mostly seems to be there to set up a reduction in Power Girl's powers; I've read enough comics to know an editorial edict when I see one, but it's still a story with some neat moments. Then we get a story where Crimson Fox, a Parisian superhero, joins the team while foiling a group of robbers so incompetent they accidentally try to hide in the JLE embassy.

In the middle of this is the first JLI Special, a one-shot focused on Mister Miracle, setting up some changes for his ongoing series. I actually read this many years ago, but found it much more comprehensible in context... but I didn't really like it. Particularly, I don't think Scott's decision to replace himself with an android duplicate and not tell anyone, even his wife, really makes any sense at all. Like, I get it's there to set up some comedy, but there has to be a basic level of character plausibility for the comedy to work. (Note that the issue is scripted by Len Wein, as opposed to regular JLI scripter J. M. DeMatteis.)

from Justice League Europe #12
The last two issues here focus on Metamorpho tracking down his son. (The son was born while Metamorpho was dead, so he's never met him.) In the first, he faces down Guy Gardner, in the second, the Metal Men. I always like Metamorpho (at least, as he's characterized in JLE, as a Three Stooges–loving bruiser), and he's particularly well served by Bart Sears's exaggerated art style. To be honest, the whole story seems like an excuse for Sears to go all out with wackiness... and is all the better for it.

This is the fourth in a series of posts about Justice League International. The next covers issues #37 of JLA and #13-21 of JLE. Previous installments are listed below:

  1. Justice League #1-6 / Justice League International #7-12 (May 1987–Apr. 1988)
  2. Justice League International #13-21 (May 1988–Dec. 1988)
  3. Justice League International #22-25 / Justice League America #26-30 / Justice League Europe #1-6 (Jan. 1989–Sept. 1989) 

* I assume this is a misspelling of José Marzán, Jr. 

03 November 2025

Elizabeth Gilbert, The Signature of All Things (2013)

If I remember correctly, back in grad school, my friends Dustin and Allison loaned me this book after they read it for some kind of book group. They had hated it, and they wanted me to read it so that I could agree with them. I added it to my reading list. This was back in 2014; by the time I moved away from Connecticut in 2017, I had of course not actually gotten around to reading it. I gave them their copy back—and they expressed disappointment because they didn't want it back!

The Signature of All Things by Elizabeth Gilbert

Published: 2013
Read: August 2025

But I did keep it on my reading list, and once it finally surfaced earlier this year, I checked it out from the local library. The novel is about the life story of a woman, from childhood up to old age across the course of the nineteenth century; her father is an English grower of plants, her mother from a Dutch business family; and she is raised by them in America, outside Philadelphia. She is fascinated by mosses, and struggles against the strictures of her father and the world in which she lives and her own limited understanding of herself and others.

I didn't hate it,  but I wouldn't claim to love it either. Gilbert can create an affecting scene at times—the image of the party where the attendees are all positioned like the planets in the solar system, the final meeting between Alma and Alfred Russell Wallace—but I didn't have a strong feeling of what it was all for. Or perhaps more accurately, I didn't feel like the length of the book (around five hundred pages) was proportionate to what it was trying to do. Obviously I don't mind a long book, I'm a Victorianist, but the payoff of what Alma learned about life (and thus what the reader learns about life) didn't really seem to correlate with how much time we had to spend reading about it.

It was a total coincidence of timing, but I definitely benefited from reading the book shortly after Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States and David Quammen's The Reluctant Mr. Darwin. The former's depiction of the brutality of the early United States resonated with what we see here; the latter gave a lot of background and context for Alma's ruminations on evolution and eventual meeting with Wallace.

31 October 2025

Reading Issue #1 of Oz-story Aloud to My Kids

Oz-story Magazine ran for six years, collecting a mix of archival and original Oz and Oz-adjacent fiction and comic strips. It was published by Hungry Tiger Press, with editing by Hungry Tiger publisher David Maxine and art direction by his partner, Eric Shanower. It contains a number of pieces of Oz short fiction you can't find elsewhere, so I decided to incorporate it into the Oz books I've been reading my kids. Even though it's called a magazine, it's bound like a book and runs 128 pages and even has an ISBN.

Oz-story Magazine, Number One
edited by David Maxine

art director: Eric Shanower

Anthology published: 1995
Contents originally published: 1906-95
Acquired and read aloud: 
September 2025

The first issue contained four short stories that I read aloud to my kids. The first was "Percy and the Shrinking Violets" by Rachel Cosgrove Payes; this brings back Percy the giant white rat from her novels The Hidden Valley and Wicked Witch of Oz. Unfortunately, even though it was just over a year ago that we read these books, my seven-year-old did not remember Percy at all! The story, where Percy—and then later, Ozma—is shrunk by a magical violet is fun enough, though one feels like Ozma and Percy are a little slow on the uptake at times.

Before Ruth Plumly Thompson became an Oz writer, she published short tales of a kingdom called Pumperdink, which she revealed in Kabumpo in Oz was actually in the Gillikin Country. This volume collects one of those older stories, "The Dragon of Pumperdink," a fun story about a dragon running out of coal (Thompson's dragons die if their internal flame dies out) who needs to seek employment.

The longest short story in the book (I serialized it over three nights) is "Gugu and the Kalidahs" by Eric Shanower. This brings back Gugu the leopard from The Magic of Oz—given we read this back when my kid was three, no way did they remember Gugu! Thankfully, Kalidahs were memorable from their recent experiences of various adaptations of the original book (both the Shanower/Oz comic and the Yoto audio adaptation have gotten recent play), because otherwise there are no familiar Oz characters. The story is about how Gugu's forest gets invaded by Kalidahs, in violation of ancient treaty. and Gugu must do his best to push them out... alone. It's a tense, dark story; it's been a long time since I read The Jungle Book, but it felt like an Oz refraction of Kipling. The illustrations are not in Shanower's usual style, but they are striking.

Lastly, there's "The Balloon-Girl of Oz," credited to Stephen Kane, but actually by Eric Shanower. This focuses on my kids' eternal favorite, Scraps the Patchwork Girl, who here swells up like a balloon, and has to desperately make her way back to the Emerald City for help without floating off into space. I always like Oz stories that put the characters in a weird situation they must think through logically in order to solve, and of course pictures of Scraps looking like a balloon are going to be delightful. My kids were very much into the absurdity of this one. I particularly liked the ending, where Scraps gets to mad at all the people laughing at how funny she looks, so she just lets go and floats off into the sky!

In addition to all this, there's a couple comics; I read "The Pathetic Losers of Oz" by Ed Brubaker, about all the Oz residents with powers not worth mentioning. I did not read Walt Sprouse's comic adaptation of The Marvelous Land of Oz, but my comics-loving seven-year-old did.

Additionally, there's two stories I didn't read to the kids. One is a nice little piece of literary fiction by F. Scott Fitzgerald, "Outside the Cabinet-Makers," which mentions Mombi, so I guess Fitzgerald was a fan!

The other is a complete novel (over fifty pages of small type) by L. Frank Baum from 1906: Sam Steele's Adventures on Land and Sea, or The Boy Fortune Hunters in Alaska. This I read to myself after reading everything aloud to the kids. I think I made the right call there, I don't think they would have been into it, but I actually found it surprisingly fun, a boy's-own adventure about an orphan boy to enters into a partnership with his late father's business partner to hunt for gold in Alaska, but ends up finding a whole different adventure instead. (As David Maxine points out in the intro, despite the subtitle, there's only one boy fortune hunter and they never make it to Alaska!) Baum is good at putting people into tough situations they must work they way out of. Maybe once we get through all the issues of Oz-story, I'll seek out the other Sam Steele novels. (The novel was not illustrated originally, but cleverly, Shanower selects a bunch of John R. Neill illustrations from various other projects that work perfectly well; you never would have guessed!)

29 October 2025

Doctor Who: How the Doctor Changed My Life by Simon Guerrier (ed.)

When Big Finish's license to produce prose Short Trips anthologies ended, they did a big sale to get rid of their remaining stock before they would be unable to sell it. I snapped up the ones that sounded interesting to me but had never gotten around to; over fifteen years later, I've finally read the last of that lot.

I went into How the Doctor Changed My Life feeling a bit nervous; over the past couple years, I've read three Short Trips anthologies and, to be honest, found my enjoyment of each fairly limited. On top of that, I knew the book was the result of a fan writing contest; Big Finish had originally reserved one spot in Short Trips: Defining Patterns for a previously unpublished writer, but had gotten so many good entries that they'd published twenty-five runners-up in their own volume. But if the three volumes of Short Trips by professional writers I'd read had been mediocre, what did I have to anticipate from a volume by people who'd never been professionally published?

Well, to my delight, the book not only defied my low expectations, but it turned out to be one of the very best Short Trips volumes I can remember reading. Surely it at least partially benefits from the fact there are so many stories here: with twenty-five stories in 184 pages, that means they average six-to-seven pages in length. So the good ones are punchy, and the bad ones are mercifully short! (Not that, however, there were honestly very many bad ones.) Additionally, the book very much benefits from the theme, which you can see right in the title: the stories had to be about the Doctor changing someone's life. This encourages perspectives from characters who are not the Doctor and his companions, and telling stories about key significant moments in those characters' lives, which plays to the strengths of the medium of the short story—no one here makes the mistake a lot of first-time Doctor Who short story writers do, and tries to cram a four-part 1970s-style serial into 6½ pages.

Doctor Who: Short Trips #26: How The Doctor Changed My Life
edited by Simon Guerrier

Published: 2008
Acquired: May 2009
Read: October 2025

I enjoyed a lot of these, as I said, so here I'll just try to gloss some of the ones I particularly liked and why.

Many of the stories focus on ordinary people who encounter the Doctor and find some kind of courage within in themselves, a trope that I think probably owes something to the original Russell T Davies television era (which this book came out during), but is here imported back into "classic" Doctor Who (at the time this was published, Big Finish's license only went up to the 1996 tv movie). It's a trope that works well, especially when it leans into one of my favorite things about the Doctor Who format, the juxtaposition of the fantastic with the mundane. Ones along these lines I particularly liked included "Change Management" by Simon Moore:

Fair enough, it would be bad for the economy if the Flux Beast was allowed to devour the tourist worlds, but there must be a better way of containing the Beast than trapping it in space and feeding it lots of poor people. Pip had been going to complain, but when the guy sitting next to him got vaporised while raising similar concerns, he decided to keep his head down. He would definitely do something about it if he ever got into management.

Along these lines, I also really liked "The Shopping Trolleys of Doom" by Caleb Woodbridge, where the Doctor intervenes when shopping carts begin attacking people; "The Man on the Phone" by Mark Smith, told from the perspective of someone working in a call center selling mediocre kitchens who accidentally dials the TARDIS; and "£436" by Nick May, about a cab driver who drives the Doctor and Peri around as they fight off an alien invasion.

(In one story, this even kind of happens without the Doctor turning up; in John Callaghan's "The Andrew Invasion," a guy named Andrew gets mistaken for the Doctor, and hilarity ensues. I think John Dorney's The Diary of River Song story "My Dinner with Andrew," about a guy who looks exactly like the fifth Doctor and is played by Peter Davison, is a stealth sequel to this story, but maybe I am crazy because no one else seems to have noticed this if so.)

Even though this is probably the book's most common approach, other stories go in different directions. I liked "Second Chances" by Bernard O'Toole a lot, which follows a maniacal mad scientist after he is defeated by the Doctor and Charley. How does an adult man move back in with his parents and rebuild his life after all his dreams of conquest have been crushed? Or there's Michael Montoure's "Relativity," where a kid loses his twin brother in a weird time accident thanks to the Doctor and Ace, but eventually has an even weirder chance to get him back. I also liked Violet Addison's "Those Left Behind," about one of Susan's classmates at Coal Hill School meeting the fourth Doctor. (One oddity of the book, if I'm not mistaken, is that among its twenty-five stories, it has one from every "classic" Doctor... except the first!) There's also "Evitability" by Andrew K Purvis, where the Doctor finds someone who's going to do a terrible thing as an adult and shows them the future as a child to help put them on a better path. Michael Rees's "Swamp of Horrors (1957) – Viewing Notes" is inventively told in the form of a blog post about a B-horror movie that costars the Doctor and Mel!

One of my very favorites was "The Monster in the Wardrobe" by James C McFetridge, about a man who dies every day defending his daughter from a monster in the wardrobe, but always comes back to life the next, when he always has a new job that he's not very good at but enjoys a lot, like ice cream taster or bikini inspector.

It feels a bit churlish to complain about ones you don't like, especially when they come from first-time writers, but I did find a few unsatisfying and/or undercooked: "Curiosity" by Mike Amberry and "The Last Thing You'll Ever See" by Richard Goff among them. The only outright bad one, though, was "Time Shear" by Steven Alexander, where two alien kids see their mother brutally gunned down in front of them, and the story and the character just shrug this off as a minor inconvenience in its rush to get to a happy ending.

If there's an overall fault to the volume, it's that, despite what Paul Cornell hopes for in his foreword, few of these writers ever went on to make many more contributions to Doctor Who; there were just two Short Trips volumes after this, and some contributed to one of those, and some others I think wrote for the Bernice Summerfield anthologies. Other than that, though, the only writer to go onto publishing more Doctor Who stories is LM Myles, who here writes the story "Child's Play," and has since written a number of Big Finish audio dramas. But that's not a slight on this book, it's a slight on the stale community of Doctor Who tie-in writers, whose bright young things of the 1990s and early 2000s have never moved on thirty years later.

Every three months, I read the unread Doctor Who book I've owned the longest. Next up in sequence: Prisoner of the Daleks

27 October 2025

Impulse: Bart Saves the Universe by Christopher Priest, Jason Johnson, and Edwin Rosell

I don't have much experience with Impulse a.k.a. Bart Allen, who was essentially the Kid Flash to Wally West's Flash—that will have to wait until I finally read my Mark Waid Flash Omnibus volumes. But as I've been investigating what JSA-related stories I might somehow have missed in my fifty-installment journey through the history of that superhero team, I discovered there was an Impulse one-shot involving time travel and the JSA, so I added it to my list.

The book came out in 1999 and is set in the then-present of the DC universe, where Impulse is trying to be of use to somebody, anybody, but keeps getting rebuffed. No one wants his help, not Superman, not Wonder Woman, not Green Lantern, especially not Batman. When will he get a chance to save the world... or even the universe?

Well, he gets his chance when Extant (villain of the then-recent Zero Hour) travels back to 1941, battles the JSA, and tricks the Linear Men into changing history. Because he was born in the future, only Impulse remembers the original timeline, and thus only Impulse can do anything to restore it. But can the hyperfast hyperactive kid keep his mind on the job long enough to do it?

Poor Impulse.

The JSA are more of a plot point than actual characters here; they spend most of the story dead, except for one sequence where Impulse crashes one of their meetings. From that perspective, I probably needn't have bothered including it in my sequence of stories. But, you know, if the point of all of this is to be entertained, then this story does a good job of it. 

I don't blame Johnny.

I always like a bit of Christopher Priest, and Impulse is a character well-suited to Priest's techniques of rapid cuts and abrupt juxtapositions, as well as his tendency to mix darkness with comedy. Yes, there's a lot of Impulse goofiness here... but there's also some real tragedy as Impulse needs to reckon with the deaths of those important to him, and the fact that Barry Allen does exist in this alternate timeline, and will have to die to restore the proper the universe. (Ain't that always the case.) Artists Jason Johnson and Edwin Rosell are new to me, but they have that manga-influence, exaggerated design sense that I associate with 1990s comics in general and Impulse in particular, so that works well.

Aw, Max,

I particularly liked Impulse's relationship with the Golden Age speedster Max Mercury here, and I finished the one-shot looking forward to reading more about Impulse whenever I get around to reading all my Flash Omnibus volumes. (Impulse himself seems to have only received a single collected edition, alas. I do remember, a long time ago, reading a trade where Bart himself had become the Flash, but he was portrayed as very much a sad sack (I think this one?), nothing like the character here, and then he got murdered in Countdown. Bleh.) 

Impulse: Bart Saves the Universe originally appeared in one issue (1999). The story was written by Christopher Priest, pencilled by Jason Johnson, inked by Edwin Rosell, type designed by Willie Schubert, and edited by Paul Kupperberg & L. A. Williams.
 
This post is the fifty-second in an improbably long series about the Justice Society and Earth-Two. The next installment covers Dr. Mid-Nite. Previous installments are listed below: