14 November 2025

Is There a Coherent Post-Crisis Blackhawk Continuity?

One of the striking things reading the post-Crisis Blackhawk comics has been that, to be honest... I don't think they all hang together.

from Blackhawk vol. 2 #1 (script & art by Howard Chaykin)

At first they do. Howard Chaykin's 1987 miniseries (see #10 in the list below) didn't give a new origin story for the Blackhawks, but it did create a new history for them. Blackhawk himself was now Janos Prohaska; most of the Blackhawk line-up we knew from the pre-Crisis comics was largely maintained, but Stanislaus died during the course of the miniseries, and Natalie Reed claimed the identity of "Lady Blackhawk" for herself, so no Zinda Blake (though Zinda didn't join the squadron until after the war in any case). The character formerly known as "Chop-Chop" was now Weng Chan.

Eventually, the continuing exploits of this version of the team would be chronicled in Action Comics Weekly (see #10 again) and then in a 1989-90 ongoing (see #11). All of these stories were period stories, set during or shortly after World War II. Pre-Crisis, after WWII the Blackhawks had fought dictators all over the world (see #2), then supercriminals and such (see #3-4), then aliens (see #5), until finally becoming superheroes themselves once the Justice League of America arrived on the scene (see #6). But post-Crisis, the Blackhawks rebranded themselves as mercenaries and a shipping concern after the war, secretly funded by (and, later, manipulated by) the CIA. The stories were kept more grounded, so (largely) no supercriminals or aliens, more complex thriller plots instead.

from Action Comics Weekly #635
(script by Mark Verheiden, art by Eduardo Barreto & John Nyberg)

So what was going on with the Blackhawks in the then-present day of the DC universe? We just got glimpses of this: a Blackhawk story in Action Comics Weekly established that by 1988, Weng Chan was in charge of Blackhawk Industries, and a couple other flash-forward stories in the Blackhawk ongoing followed up on this; there were no appearances by any of the other Blackhawks in these stories, presumably to keep things open for the ongoing. In other stories around this same time, this was maintained; Weng Chan was a recurring character in the 1990-93 Hawkworld ongoing, for example.

The pre-Crisis history of the Blackhawks seemed to be entirely eradicated. This was not an unusual move at the time; in 1989, the original Hawkworld erased the pre-Crisis Hawkman, for example, or there was  the notorious post-Crisis reboot of Wonder Woman. The history seemed pretty stable, and to be honest, removing the Blackhawks from continuity causes a lot less headaches than removing Wonder Woman or even Hawkman, since their adventures were largely self-contained. (The 1989 Blackhawk ongoing even established that the Quality Comics adventures from Military Comics were in-universe comic books, fictionalized and sanitized versions of real adventures, albeit published postwar.)

from Guy Gardner: Warrior #24 (script by Beau Smith, art by Mitch Byrd,
Phil Jimenez, Howard Porter, Mike Parobeck, Jackson Guice, & Dan Davis)

Once the Blackhawk ongoing came to an end, and once Mike Gold (editor of both Blackhawk and Hawkworld) moved on, things get a lot muddier. The first sign of this, I think, is in Guy Gardner: Warrior (see # 12), where during the Crisis in Time, Guy meets up with Zinda "Lady Blackhawk" Blake—a character who, as far as we knew up until that point, did not exist post-Crisis. Her original appearance is a one-off, so you could blame it on Extant-induced timeline fluctuations, but then in a later issue, she materializes in the present day outside Guy's bar, and takes a job there. Is she a refugee from the past? Or from an entirely nonexistent timeline? We don't really know, because the stories don't go into it at all; she's just a bit of set dressing, basically.

Possibly you might posit that—and this is what the DC wiki does—that Blackhawk continuity was changed again by the events of the Crisis in Time itself. This is backed up by JLA: Year One (see #13)... kind of. This story shows that the Blackhawks are active at the time of the JLA's founding, and in a form much closer to their pre-Crisis history. They are wearing the red-and-green uniforms they got during their time working for the UN, and the line-up includes several characters who had died in the post-Crisis, pre-Zero Hour Blackhawk stories, like Stanislaus. This would mean, though, that the Blackhawks had continually operated without aging from World War II up to the almost-present-day of the DC universe! (I think JLA: Year One is set ten years prior to the "present," so around 1988.) Not impossible, I suppose; these are comics. But there is no hint of the way the Blackhawks were depicted in the present-day stories of the Blackhawk ongoing. Indeed, this story even reintroduces the Blackhawks' brief stint as superheroes, though under different circumstances than in the original "Junk-Heap Heroes" storyline.

from JLA: Year One #2
(script by Mark Waid & Brian Augustyn, art by Barry Kitson)
The wrinkle in all of this is that Lady Blackhawk is in JLA: Year One. But how could she be if she had been plucked out of time and brought to the present? Was she plucked out of time after the events of JLA: Year One? Well, then she would have been six years out of time at the most, which hardly seems significant (as far as being plucked out of time in superhero comics goes, anyway, I'm sure it would be much more significant if I was dumped in the year 2031 by a timeline fluctuation). So I don't think we can say the Crisis in Time changed the Blackhawks' history, because it seemingly did so in two contradictory ways: the Blackhawks, including Zinda, lasted all the way up to the founding of the JLA and Zinda was pulled out of time to the present at some unspecified point in the past.

Basically, after Zero Hour, elements of both the pre- and post-Crisis Blackhawks were maintained. When Blackhawk guest-starred in Sandman Mystery Theatre story arc published in 1996, it was the post-Crisis Howard Chaykin version. But when Zinda joins the line-up of Birds of Prey in 2004, it's the same seemingly pre-Crisis version that appeared in Guy Gardner... and she says she's the last surviving Blackhawk. So what happened to all the other Blackhawks who were alive just over a decade ago in JLA: Year One? And what happened to Weng Chan?

It all doesn't matter, of course. Continuity is a game we play when it supports storytelling. I enjoy playing the game (hence this post, and hence my previous one about the pre-Crisis continuity), but I don't let it detract from my enjoyment of the stories themselves. When reading Sandman Mystery Theatre, you're not thinking about Guy Gardner: Warrior, and when reading Guy Gardner: Warrior, you're not thinking about Sandman Mystery Theatre. It especially doesn't matter, because from this point on, DC mostly treated the Blackhawks as a retro property; they would pop up in WWII-set stories (for example, in a time travel storyline in The Brave and the Bold), but that's it. So whether Lady Blackhawk was Zinda Blake or Natalie Reed was largely immaterial. (That said, it's been a while since I read them, but I'm pretty sure some of Zinda's Birds of Prey appearances eventually claim she was a member of the Blackhawk's during the war, as opposed to after it.)

from Batman Confidential #38
(script by Royal McGraw, art by Marcos Marz & Luciana Del Negro)
I did appreciate that in the otherwise terrible Blackhawk Down arc (see #15), it was basically treated as all true. Zinda is Lady Blackhawk, but knows the Janos version of Blackhawk (I don't think the two had ever been in a story together before), and this version of the team had been through adventures that originally took place on the pre-Crisis Earth-One and the pre-Crisis Earth-Thirty-Two and in the post-Crisis timeline, even if none of those things actually fit together.

Fundamentally, the problem is that the Blackhawks are largely a concept rooted to a particular time and environment. Take them out of that time and environment, and there's a limited number of things you can actually do with them, so you're constantly going to be reinventing them, whether it makes sense or not.

This is the last in a series of posts about the Blackhawks. Previous installments are listed below:

  1. The Blackhawk Archives, Volume 1 (1941-42)
  2. Military Comics #18-43 / Modern Comics #44-46 / Blackhawk #9 & 50 (1943-52)
  3. Showcase Presents Blackhawk, Volume One (1957-58) 
  4. Blackhawk vol. 1 #151-95 (1960-64) 
  5. Blackhawk vol. 1 #196-227 (1964-66)
  6. Blackhawk vol. 1 #228-43 (1967-68)
  7. Blackhawk vol. 1 #244-50 / The Brave and the Bold #167 (1976-80)
  8. Blackhawk (1982) 
  9. Blackhawk vol. 1 #251-73 / DC Comics Presents #69 (1982-84) 
  10. Blackhawk: Blood & Iron (1987-89)
  11. Blackhawk vol. 3 (1989-92) 
  12. Guy Gardner: Warrior #24, 29, 36, 38-43 / Annual #1 (1994-96)
  13. JLA: Year One (1998-99) 
  14. Guns of the Dragon (1998-99) 
  15. Batman Confidential: Blackhawk Down (2010) 

12 November 2025

King in Black: Black Panther / The Last Annihilation: Wakanda by Germán Peralta et al.

Between Ta-Nehisi Coates's run on Black Panther (which I just finished) and John Ridley's (which I will tackle next), there were two Black Panther–related one-shots tying into larger Marvel Comics events. In each case, I picked up the collection of the event from Hoopla, but I only read the Black Panther story in each book, plus the Hulkling and Wiccan one, since I do know those characters from Young Avengers (boy has their status quo changed a lot!), but none of the other stories in each book.

I guess this kind of scene is obligatory.
from King in Black: Black Panther #1
King in Black seems to about a bunch of Venoms attacking the universe or something. I guess they all work for a god of some kind? It didn't really matter to me; what you need to know is that Wakanda is under assault.

The story is written by Geoffrey Thorne (who got his start as a Star Trek writer, and surely his Trek fandom is the reason he knows the word "cathexis") and illustrated by Germán Peralta, but just as Jason Aaron was for Black Panther's Secret Invasion tie-in, Thorne is in full Christopher Priest mode here: T'Challa has a plan, and is ten steps ahead of everyone, including his own allies. It's not quite as good as Aaron's or Priest's take on this approach, but then, Thorne only has one issue for his canvas, so things just can't be as complicated. Peralta is a solid artist, capturing the characters and world of Wakanda well. This is a perfectly fine story on the whole—I doubt it will wow anyone, but I also think it works on its own and is enjoyable enough.

I've even less understanding of what The Last Annihilation is about, except that it seems to be about space and probably the Guardians of the Galaxy. Its Black Panther tie-in was also illustrated by Peralata; the scripting is by Evan Narcisse, who previously wrote one of the better Black Panther stories of the "Coates era," Rise of the Black Panther. One of the interesting storytelling consequences of the Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda arc is that there's now a way for Black Panther to be involved in space-based Marvel crossover events; indeed, more of Wakanda is in space than is not!

And the enormous space empire was never mentioned again...
from The Last Annihilation: Wakanda #1
I found Coates's Intergalactic Empire storyline raised lots of interesting ideas but did little of interest with them. It would be glib to say that Narcisse finds more to do with the concepts in this single issue than Coates did in twenty-five... but this is surely one of the better stories to be told using the premise. Narcisse focuses the story on M'Baku, one of T'Challa's former comrades in the resistance, who now finds himself working for the very empire he swore to destroy. How can you build trust in an institution previously used as a tool of oppression? How can you trust it yourself? It's a great concept, and Narcisse does great by it, with some effective character-based writing and, again, strong art by Peralta. My guess is that future Black Panther stories will move away from the "Intergalactic Empire" setting (indeed, the last page of this story sets up how that could come to pass), but if they did not, they could do a lot worse than to follow the template set by this issue.

"Cathexis" originally appeared in issue #1 of King in Black: Black Panther (Apr. 2021). The story was written by Geoffrey Thorne, illustrated by Germán Peralta, colored by Jesus Aburtov, lettered by Joe Sabino, and edited by Wil Moss. It was collected in King in Black: Avengers (2021), which was edited by Jennifer Grünwald.

The Last Annihilation: Wakanda originally appeared in one issue (Nov. 2021). The story was written by Evan Narcisse, illustrated by Germán Peralta, colored by Jesus Aburtov, lettered by Cory Petit, and edited by Wil Moss. It was collected in The Last Annihilation (2022), which was edited by Daniel Kirchhoffer.

ACCESS AN INDEX OF ALL POSTS IN THIS SERIES HERE 

11 November 2025

Justice League International Year Four, Part I: The Extremist Vector (JLA #37 / JLE #13-21)

The fourth year of Justice League International largely avoids significant crossovers, except for the two-issue Furballs one right at the beginning, and a small thread that goes from JLA to JLE right at the end, so for it I'll first do a post that covers most of the year's JLE issues with a single JLA issue, then a post that covers most of the year's JLA issues with a single JLE issue.

from Justice League America Annual #4
"What's Black and White and Black and White and Bl—⁠" / Furballs, from Justice League America Annual #4 (1990) and Justice League America #37 & Justice League Europe #13 (Apr. 1990), reprinted in Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 (2020)
plot & breakdowns by Keith Giffen; scripts by J. M. DeMatteis; pencils by Mike McKoneAdam Hughes, and Chris Sprouse; inks by Bob SmithArt Nichols (assists by Joe Rubinstein & Jack Torrance), and K. S. Wilson; letters by Bob Lappan and Albert De Guzman; colors by Gene D'Angelo

This sequence begins with JLA Annual #4, which very well may be the comic peak of JLI. In this issue, the Injustice League accidentally foils a robbery and ends up being branded heroes, so they decide to go legit and offer their services to Maxwell Lord. Much to everyone's consternation, Max decides to take them on—but makes them the JLI's Antarctic branch, where they can't cause any problems, and adds Gnort and the Scarlet Skier to the mix, to keep them out of trouble too. What results is hilarity, as the JLAnt soon comes under attack from the remnants of a mad scientist's experiment left in Antarctica, an army of penguins infused with killer piranha genes. I read this in bed while sick, and it cheered me up immensely; I was cackling over something on basically every page.

After this comes the two-part Furballs crossover, where a stray cat makes its way into the JLA embassy, defeating (among others) Guy Gardner; at the end, it escapes into the teleport tubes, making its way to the JLE embassy, where it causes still more issues... but ultimately ends up adopted by Power Girl. This is the kind of character-based irreverent comedy one comes to JLI for.

from DC Retroactive: Justice League America 1990s #1
"Apokolips No!", from DC Retroactive: Justice League America 1990s #1 (Oct. 2011), reprinted in Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 3 (2024)
plot & breakdowns by Keith Giffen, script by J. M. DeMatteis, art by Kevin Maguire, colors by Rosemary Cheetham, letters by Carlos M. Mangual

This is the last-ever JLI story by Giffen, DeMatteis, and Maguire, written as part of 2011's DC Retroactive event. I read it around this point, but it's chronologically unplacable. It must go before Furballs (JLA #37 and JLE #13) because Booster is still on the team, and he quits at the end of JLA #37, but it also must go after Furballs, because Power Girl has her cat. Also, at the time of JLA #37, Mister Miracle had been replaced by an android duplicate, but this is definitely the regular Mister Miracle. Additionally, it seems to precede JLA Annual #4, because its events set up the Injustice League becoming JLAnt... though in a totally different way to what we see in JLA Annual #4. I did toy with the idea that maybe it (along with JLA Annual #4) could happen during Furballs, but, no, that's not really possible.

I'm not mad about any of this; it was twenty years later, and the creative team's main objective was surely to provide an entertaining story with a classic line-up of characters and set-up, even if that set-up never quite existed at one moment in time. At that level, it succeeds perfectly: more comedy with the Injustice League is always worthwhile, everyone's reaction to Power Girl turning up with her cat is great. A great way for this great creative team to go out. (That said, it did bother me that in this story, Fire is skeptical about shopping and Ice loves it, the exact opposite of their characterizations in the original 1990s stories.)

from Justice League Europe #21
"Bialya Blues" / "You Oughtta Be in Pictures" / The Extremist Vector / "Rue Britannia" / "Blood, Sweat and Tabloids", from Justice League Europe Annual #1 (1990) and Justice League Europe #14-21 (May-Dec. 1990), reprinted in Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 (2020)
plot & breakdowns by Keith Giffen; scripts by J. M. DeMatteis and Gerard Jones; pencils by Linda Medley, Bart Sears, and Marshall Rogers; inks by Jose Marzan Jr., Pablo Marcos, Randy Elliott, Bob Smith, and Joe Rubinstein; letters by Albert De Guzman; colors by Gene D'Angelo

This run of JLE stories begins with an annual focused on a tussle with the Global Guardians, who are now operating out of Bialya, under (unbeknownst to most of them) the control of the Queen Bee); it also sees Gerard Jones take over as scripter of the title, a position he will continue in even once Keith Giffen departs as plotter. I liked the initial Global Guardians arc in JLE #1-6 (see item #3 below), but beyond that, it never quite works for me; I think fundamentally there are just too many Global Guardians, and I feel like every story with them piles on still more of them.

After this comes a fun story about the JLE (along with Fire and Ice) going to Cannes and encountering a guy whose power is to become real-life versions of movie characters; here, he almost accidentally becomes Godzilla. This leads, though, into probably the most serious JLE story of all, The Extemist Vector, where the Extremists, who destroyed the world the Silver Sorceress and Bluejay came from with nuclear weapons, make their way to the DC universe and attempt to do the same thing there. This is probably the low point of the JLE I've read so far (as the point I write this, I'm up to issue #31). It's not that I think JLI can't be serious, but the seriousness here seems largely independent of the characters; this story is five issues long but really tells us nothing about them as people. Compare the next JLA story after this (the one with Despero), which is also very serious, but manages to also have a lot of heart and character moments. Part of the problem is the Extremists themselves, who are harbingers of the worst sorts of 1990s "extreme" villains.

The next two issues bring some significant changes to the JLE; in #20, their Paris embassy is inadvertently destroyed, and in #21, they settle into the JLI's London location. I did not find #20 very funny, and it was quite obviously intended to be so; I do remember Gerard Jones doing some funny work later on in this title, but he hasn't really hit that here yet. I did enjoy the next issue more, which has some good bits like Captain Atom's sheer joy at learning he's been relieved of command of the JLE, and Power Girl's cat killing local dogs! I am a bit sad to lose the Paris setting, because it led to good cultural clash; thankfully, Giffen and Jones have the grumpy French police inspector who hates the JLE, Camus, dispatched to London along with them.

This is the fifth in a series of posts about Justice League International. The next covers issues #38-50 of JLA and #22 of JLE. Previous installments are listed below:

  1. Justice League #1-6 / Justice League International #7-12 (May 1987–Apr. 1988)
  2. Justice League International #13-21 (May 1988–Dec. 1988)
  3. Justice League International #22-25 / Justice League America #26-30 / Justice League Europe #1-6 (Jan. 1989–Sept. 1989) 
  4. Justice League America #31-36 / Justice League Europe #7-12 (Oct. 1989–Mar. 1990)

10 November 2025

Ted Chiang, Stories of Your Life and Others (collection, 2002)

In March 2020, I was asked to give some brief remarks to contextualize a screening of Arrival on campus. I had never read "Story of Your Life," the Ted Chiang short story upon which the film was based, so I picked up his collection Stories of Your Life and Others—except the copy I ended up with had been retitled Arrival with Jeremy Renner on the cover. Since it was March 2020, the screening was ultimately cancelled, and so over five years later I've finally gotten around to reading the book (the story of my life).

Arrival by Ted Chiang

Collection originally published: 2002
Contents originally published: 1990-2002
Acquired: March 2020
Read: August 2025

Some might say (I think I said this myself in my review of his second collection, Exhalation) that Chiang writes hard sf. I don't think that's true per se, because I don't think Chiang is always concerned with rigorous science. Rather, I think what Chiang is interested in is rigorous extrapolation. Given a counterfactual idea, he wants to explore exactly how it would play out, no matter how fanciful the original idea is. Such an approach is fundamental to, for example, "Hell Is the Absence of God," which is based around the question "what if people's belief really did send them to heaven or hell, and we knew it to be factually true?" But Chiang's extrapolations aren't there just to be there; Chiang is also really good at that Miévillian doubling effect, where the story is both a really detailed extrapolation of another world, and tells us something about our own world—in the case of "Hell Is the Absence of God," he explores the operation of faith, for example. (Across his whole oeuvre, I think Chiang does this best in Exhalation's "The Lifecycle of Software Objects," which is both a really thoughtful take on how we might make genuinely intelligent AI, and a moving metaphor for the difficulties of parenting.)

Honestly, though, I found "Hell Is the Absence of God" more intellectually interesting than genuinely moving, which is probably the trap Chiang most often falls into. (Again, Chiang doesn't write hard sf, but it is definitely a fault hard can have.) On other occasions, Chiang doesn't quite land the metaphoric resonance of his sfnal idea; the core conceit of "Division by Zero" ended up coming across as a stretch. Still, Chiang even at his weakest is always attempting to do something interesting, and I think it's the kind of collection where one reader's weak story will be another reader's favorite. (The only story I flat out disliked was "Understand," a take on one of my least-favorite sf tropes, the guy who becomes a super-genius.)

For me, the two best stories in the book were "Story of Your Life" and "Tower of Babylon." The former justly gets a lot of praise. There's an interesting sfnal concept about time and perception given here (the gimmick here is about Fermat's principle, not the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis like in the film), married to a strong meditation on the kids of decisions parents must inevitably make, along with some disturbing implications about free will. Really cleverly done and told.

But I also really liked "Tower of Babylon," which essentially takes a Babylonian conception of the universe as literally true. What if there was a physical firmament in the sky, and you could build a miles-high tower that went up to it? Chiang explores this idea in a lot of ways, making it feel real with lots of small logistical details, in a story that at the same time is about faith and what it gets people to do and how it works. (I found it had much more of interest to say about faith than "Hell Is the Absence.")

07 November 2025

Star Trek Adventures: Haradin Species Description

The Haradin are a species mentioned just once in Star Trek, in the episode "E²"; they don't appear, we're just told that Haradin traders gave the NX-01 some improved engine components in alternate future during its trip in the Delphic Expanse. Probably no one would ever remember them at all, it's just one of those random one-off asides that are peppered throughout Star Trek, but I did—because I was the one who wrote their Memory Alpha article! (That's their only canonical mention, but they are mentioned briefly in two books, in similar circumstances as off-screen trading partners.)

I like to have some level of consistency and worldbuilding when playing Star Trek Adventures (I suppose most GMs do), so in my original campaign, I used the Haradin as sort of the generic filler race in the region of space the players were exploring. When they found a couple traders imprisoned by the Romulans in "A Star Beyond the Stars," I made some of them Haradin; when they came across a refugee settlment in "Signals," I made it into a Haradin settlement. I tended to drop them into dialogue periodically in those typical Star Trek lines, the sort of things where people say, "We've had offers from all sorts: the Ferengi, the Orions, the Haradin."

Had I made it to running "Convoy SE-119," I would have made the pirates there into Haradin. I had tentative notes on other episodes I'd've liked to run, and in some of those, I mentioned I'd make the aliens-of-the-week into Haradin as well: "Trouble on Omned III," "Drawing Deeply from the Well," "Ends and Means," "A Cure Worse than the Disease."

Due to this, my ideas about who and what the Haradin were evolved piecemeal. I'd made the Haradin in "Signals" into refugees—so refugees from what? My idea was that the Haradin were the dominant species beyond the Rim of the Starlight, but their government had recently collapsed. Thus you had different groups of Haradin throughout the area, living on colonies now on their own, some no longer able to be sustained. The word "Harad" I intended to describe not a planet, but it was in fact their name for the whole region of space. Most of these ideas didn't come to fruition, of course, because my players only met them twice!

When I started a new campaign, it was in continuity with my old one, set six years later. So I built on what I had been doing; when I ran "Hard Rock Catastrophe," I changed its Saurian colony into a Haradin one. When I finally ran "Convoy SE-119," I kept the pirates as Haradin, and made their new leader General Zotabia, the villain of "Hard Rock Catastrophe." (This was a last-minute idea that ended up unlocking the whole story arc of my second season.) My ideas about what "Harad" was evolved to meet the new setting and some new themes I wanted to explore; obviously the Haradin couln't be from a single region now because this campaign's Ekumene sector was nowhere near the old one's Rim of the Starlight.

My players seemed decently intrigued by what was going on with the Haradin, particularly when they had a very frustrating conversation with some captured Haradin pirates in "Convoy SE-119"; the pirates said Harad had been invaded, and scoffed in disbelief when my players asked where Harad was or who had invaded it. I decided to give them a hint in the first season finale, when the digital consciousness Mercury, who had spent weeks observing the Haradin undercover, gave them the piece of information that in their language, the word Harad meant "universe."

I thus leaned into them more during season two; the players rescued the Haradin pirates from Klingon captivity in the season premiere, and got hints about them during the third episode, all of this leading up to a finale centered on the Haradin. I had to do a lot of thinking about the Haradin to make this happen, so here I've typed up some of my notes and other thoughts. 


Species Physiology

M'Syrolath, matriarch of Clan Marvek
The Haradin are a humanoid species; they have thick purple skin that can range from dark mauve to a light lilac, which is often ridged. Some have hair, though hairlessness is more common. On some, the ridges on their heads extend into dangling tentacles. Some features can vary wildly between different Haradin ethnicities; some have human-like ears, some pointed Vulcanian ears, some ears that are merged into the head, some no visible ears at all.

(I'm not the kind of GM who thinks about species abilities very much, to be honest; since almost all of my Haradin NPCs were originally NPCs of other species, I just maintained whatever was on the character sheet originally.)

Species Origin and Residence

The Haradin must have a home planet, in the sense that any humanoid alien species must have evolved somewhere, but if they ever knew their origin, it has been long forgotten, and on top of that, they consider it irrelevant. Among the multiple meanings of Harad in their language is "universe"; the Haradin consider themselves residents of the universe. Many Haradin go their whole lives without ever stepping foot on a planet. The majority of spaceborn Haradin reside on the great clan-ships (see below), at least hypothetically; some Haradin traders might go many years between return visits, or live on a space station elsewhere.

interior city on a clan-ship
Haradin can be found across the entirety of the Alpha Quadrant and probably even beyond; they are essential to the economies of many regions and civilizations. Unrest among the Haradin can severely disrupt the economies of many societies across local space. Particular concentrations of Haradin have been noted in the Ekumene sector, the Delphic Expanse, and beyond the Rim of the Starlight, probably due to presence of one or more clan-ships in each region. (For example, Clan Marvek, led by Matriarch M'Syrolath, is based in the Ekumene sector.)

Over the centuries, however, some Haradin have settled on planets. One particular Haradin colony, for example, is on Ryuku in the Ekumene sector. Some of these colonies are independent; others have affiliations with and are supported by particular ship-clans. There are some groups of Haradin who consider these planetbound Haradin to not be "true" Haradin; see more discussion of this below.

The Clan-Ships and the Ship-Clans

Haradin clan-ship

Most Haradin consider their homes the great clan-ships (traëlin-vurek in Haradin, literally "ships that belong to the clans"), which are typically ten miles in diameter and a hundred miles long. With 40% of the interior volume given over to dense city living, a typical clan-ship has a population of a half billion. They have warp drives, but are rarely used except in times of emergency; rather, they make their way slowly through the deepest recesses of interstellar space. Each ship-clan (vurekin-traël, "clans that belong to the ships") considers one of these its home, and Haradin traders return to them between their journeys. Each of the clan-ships is a hive of activity, with all the various comings and goings. Outsiders are very rarely allowed on board clan-ships. The Haradin do most of their trading with aliens in those aliens' space. 

The ship-clan leader is chosen from among the leading families; they are typically women. The matriarch is assisted by a group of ministers, also chosen from among the leading families. Each clan is organized differently, but Clan Marvek, for example, has a Representative Council made up of 794 members (so each representative covers a district of ~630,000 people). The only clan-wide votes that happen are referenda—these can be either called by the Matriarch in advance of a significant decision (for example, whether to relocate the clan-ship), or invoked by vote of a certain threshold of the Representative Council. Before the collapse of Harad, these votes were carried out by members of the ship-clan voting via their communications implants (see below). This also used to be how local district elections were carried out, but since the collapse of Harad, each district had evolved its own procedures for in-person elections.

In order to maintain careful monitoring of imports and exports for tax purposes, matter transportation is strictly forbidden to and within a clan-ship; all approaching ships must dock, and a monorail system is used for movement within the ship's interior. 

puddle-pig on an interior farm
Though the food supplies for the ships are partially sustained through imports, there are farms aboard the clan-ships. The main feed animal is the plorthik (affectionately called the "puddle-pig"), semi-gelatinous, quadrupedal herbivores about the size of a small dog. Their bodies resemble translucent, pastel-colored blobs with stubby legs and oversized, expressive eyes perched atop gentle stalks. Despite their wobbling, pudding-like appearance, they move with surprising agility and coordination, especially when herded. Their coloration ranges from soft peach to pale mint green, often changing hue slightly depending on mood or diet. They are primarily raised for their nutrient-rich mucus, which is harvested sustainably and used as a base for protein rations or medical salves. They are easily startled by loud noises, whereupon they "boing" into the air with a soft squelch, often landing upside-down until righted.

The Meaning of Harad and Haradin

Beshlor, pirate captain
As stated above, Harad is a word that means "universe" in the Haradin language; thus Harad is sometimes translated as "universe" or simply "space" (especially "deep space") into Federation Standard. A Haradin saying "I've lived in Harad my whole life" is just stating that they've never lived on a planet.

However, Harad is also the name the Haradin give to a massive communications network that stretches across the quadrant. Individual Haradin have receiver/transmitters implanted in their brains as adolescents that give them access to the network; it's not interactive like web sites or Twitter, more like receiving a podcast stream or radio feed in your brain. There was a large central transmitter that then broadcast to relay transmitters on clan-ships, which then routed the signals to individual Haradin. This allowed the Haradin to maintain a cultural identity despite their wide dispersal. Though funded by the Haradin government, the transmitter network was managed independently, and thus mostly avoided being caught up in politics (sort of a space BBC or NPR). The transmitter network uses a lower domain of subspace (almost a "subsubspace") that means its transmissions cannot be detected by a Federation starship not specifically configured to detect it.

Esha Vortan, Return to Harad recruit
Haradin born on planets typically did not get the receivers implanted in their brains. Note that after 2371, the transmitter ceased operation; more about this below.

If in conversation with a Haradin that doesn't know any foreign languages, this overlapping of concepts can lead to a lot of confusion; a Haradin might express surprise that someone else doesn't know what Harad is (because it means "universe" to them) or talk about the "invasion" of Harad (more on that below) or even its collapse in a way that indicates you ought to know about it (because how could you not know what happened to the universe).

The word Haradin is formed from Harad and the suffix -in, which literally means "from"—for example, their word for "human" is Earthin, or their word for "Vulcan" Vulcanin. But it also carries a connotation of rightful belonging, one is Haradin because you belong in Harad. So the Haradin are not just from the universe, but the rightful inhabitants of the universe. As stated above, some Haradin reside on planets, but for this reason there is often a faint sense of suspicion they are not true Haradin, for they no longer live in Harad.

clan-ship monorail system
In Haradin, the suffix -güi is the opposite of -in, indicating a lack of belonging. The word Haradgüi would literally translate into Standard as "alien" or simply "non-Haradin," but it carries the connotation of those who do not belong in Harad—that is to say, those who do not belong in space.

Conversely, sometimes one may become Haradin even if born of a different species, by assimilating to the Haradin way of life—all you must do is establish your own belonging to the universe. Thus there are pockets of immigrants aboard some of the clan-ships whom outsiders might refer to as non-Haradin, but the Haradin themselves would not make that distinction. For example, there are groups of Orions, Yridians, and Lissepians in Clan Marvek. They make up about 1.5% of the ship-clan population; the one district with a majority non-Haradin population is called Oriontown. There are some hard-line Haradin nativists, however, who would say that once Haradgüi, always Haradgüi.

The Haradin and the Federation

Orven Jadrel, history professor

The first significant contacts between the Haradin and the future members of the United Federation of Planets were recorded in the mid-22nd century in the (former) Delphic Expanse. As the Federation expanded, it encountered the Haradin more and more, but the Haradin always remained something of a mystery to the Federation. The universal translator did not work out, for example, that Harad meant universe, and thus as far as the Federation was concerned, the term referred to a planet. The Federation had heard of the great clan-ships, but no one had ever been aboard one.

In the 23rd century, there was some significant commerce between the Federation and individual Haradin traders, the Federation usually being particularly interested in new knowledge; for example, the Federation acquired a used Orion database from the Haradin that contained samples of many previously unknown languages. Especially on the frontier, Haradin traders were often essential to local economies, but then they would be displaced as the Federation built up its own infrastructure in a region of space.

University of Marvek
During the Dominion War, a Haradin trading vessel found a disabled Breen vessel in the Helaspont Nebula, which was sold to the planet Kropasar; they knew the inhabitants of this nonaligned world, renowned for their advanced biotechnology, would be interested in the Breen's own biotech. The existence of this vessel was leaked to the Federation and, unable to acquire it by legal means, it was stolen by a Starfleet Intelligence strike force (the Federation needing any advantage it could get with the Breen having entered the war on the side of the Dominion).

The Collapse and Invasion of Harad

Vekshari, puddle-pig farmer
By 2371, the Haradin government was struggling. Some historians identify three main causes. One was that the Haradin were simply spreading out over a wider and wider area of space, leading to increased feelings of disunity, and sentiments among some Haradin that they were so far-flung, the central Haradin government was not responsive to their needs.

Second was the increasing spread of the Federation; as the Federation fully embraced its post-monetary phase in the 24th century, there was little use for Haradin traders in areas they had previously been essential to.

Third was that the conflicts of the 2350s onward (e.g., the Cardassian Wars, the Galen Border Conflict, the Borg incursion of 2366, brewing tensions with the Dominion) dampened trade opportunities across the quadrant, causing a depression in the Haradin economy that the already struggling, overstretched Haradin government struggled to respond to.

Thalera Neshek, transmitter manager
Details about what happened exactly are vague, but in early 2371, the Haradin government collapsed. The Haradin had never had a strong central government, most governmental functions being carried out on the local level by the ship-clans.

The most visible negative consequence of this was that the central transmitter of Harad (its location still a mystery to outsiders) ceased functioning or was possibly even physically destroyed; outside historians do not really know for sure. Some planetary Haradin colonies began to struggle without the resources from the government that previously sustained them, leading to a refugee crisis beyond the Rim of the Starlight

This is the event that many Haradin refer to as the collapse of Harad. For those without the frame of reference for what Harad is, this is confusing terminology, and many in the Federation thus believed their planet may have been destroyed.

General Zotabia

The collapse of Harad has given rise to more nativist sentiments among the Haradin, a growing antagonism against the Federation and all other Haradgüi. Many of these use inflammatory rhetoric of "invasion" to refer to the events of the past decade or so, calling the encroachment of the Federation into areas of space previously dominated by Haradin trade routes the invasion of Harad. This is confusing terminology to non-Haradin (a Haradin who buys into this rhetoric would react with incredulity if a Starfleet officer asked who invaded Harad, for example, because how could one not know about the invasion of the universe!), but the "invasion" of Harad is basically the point—about a decade ago—where the Haradin began to realize that it was Federation ships that were dominating the spacelanes, not their own.

The Dominion War exacerbated this, and is considered part of the "invasion" as well. Partially this is because to some Haradin, all aliens are Haradgüi. But also the Dominion War really did eat into Haradin prosperity by restricting their trade routes; they lost access to half the quadrant. Many Haradin have fallen on hard times. Without a central government to manage it, the Haradin economy has continued to struggle.

The Rise of Zotabia and "Return to Harad"

"Return to Harad" campaign poster

In 2377, after the Dominion War, nativist groups began popping up with greater frequency throughout Haradin society, both among the ship-clans and on the planetary settlements. One such group arose on the colony Ryuku, "Return to Harad," advocating for an abandonment of planetary settlement. After a series of terrorist attacks, the ringleader of the organization was exposed as General Zotabia, commander of the Ryuku military. Zotabia was imprisoned, but loyalists liberated him, and he escaped the planet in a battleship.

Zotabia ended up joining forces with a group of Haradin pirates, winning them over with his rhetoric, and using them to form the core of a fledgling interstellar movement. Many outside of the movement refer to it as New Harad, but Zotabia rejects this appellation. It is not a New Harad, but the Harad of old, reclaimed. Zotabia's rhetoric, which demonizes the Federation and other Haradgüi, as well as what he calls the ineffective or even traitorous ship-clan administrations, for the difficulties faced by the Haradin, is increasingly popular among the many in the ship-clans. 

Unbeknownst to many, Return to Harad's philosophy is being spread through reactivated transmitter networks on individual clan-ships. No longer managed by the Haradin government, the ship-clan transmitters are now in the hands of Zotabia loyalists, who use them to broadcast nativist anti-Haradgüi propaganda directly into people's brains, slowly radicalizing them through their media diet.

Haradin lined up to vote

A public referendum is being held among Clan Marvek to determine if it will affiliate with Zotabia's movement. Pressure against the existing ship-clan leadership has been growing thanks to their inability to manage an outbreak of the anatid space flu among the plorthik; as the disease originated off-ship, it is only giving Zotabia a further excuse to demonize Haradgüi. Growing anti-Federation sentiment among the Haradin is also creating difficulties out on the Federation frontier in regions such as the Ekumene sector, which does still depend on Haradin trade.

Return to Harad Rhetoric

Norex Talven, Supervisor of Elections
Here's the way a member of Return to Harad might speak to someone from Starfleet: "We don’t have planets to go back to. Space isn’t a route to us—it’s home. And people like you, they don’t live here. You just visit long enough to change everything. We were born in the black between stars. Our blood runs cold with vacuum. No mud, no wind, no crawling roots beneath our feet. You want to take that from us."

This is a speech by General Zotabia, broadcast over the Haradin transmitter network from the Marvek clan-ship:

Brothers and sisters of the Void, true-born in vacuum, proud heirs of Harad—

I stand before you tonight not as some matriarch groveling at the feet of the Federation. Not as some weak-kneed trader begging for port access. No. I stand as your voice. And I am here to say what they are too afraid to admit.

Our space is under invasion.

They won’t call it that. They use words like cooperation, exchange, outreach. But we know better. You’ve seen it. Ships full of Earthin and Tellarin and Bajorin flooding our orbits. Barging into our ports. Speaking in soft voices while they push us out of our own hangars.

And they bring their rules, their culture, their gravity-choked values. Have you tried to dock at Motherlode recently? Since they joined the Federation, Haradin ships that have travelled that route for generations find themselves turned away for failing “safety inspections.” They are imposing their rules on our Harad. They even banned radiant spice on Kalet IX because it “offends” Andorians!

And they breed, oh do they breed. Families of Haradgüi, five to a berth, living off subsidies, draining our air, draining our power. And our children—our children—are being told in school that Harad doesn’t belong to us alone. That we should share it.

That’s a lie. That’s a crime against our ancestors.

We are Haradin because we belong in space. We were forged in vacuum. Our ship-clans crossed the stars when Earthin were still learning to boil water. And now those same primitives lecture us about “inclusivity”? No thank you.

Let me tell you something. When I’m in command of the high routes—when I seal the outer lanes—we will take back every dock, every relay, every forge from the stinking claws of the Federation, from the Klingons, from the Ferengi.

No more cultural dilution. No more language training for Haradgüi immigrants. No more free berth-rations for alien crews who don’t even know what a flux anchor is.

We will purify our sky.

We will build walls of radiation and steel around our ports. We will fly only Haradin flags from our antennae. And if they say we’re intolerant? Good. Let them say it from behind closed airlocks.

Because this is our space. And I promise you this: We are returning to Harad. 

Example Haradin Names

Many Haradin don't use surnames; for these Haradin, their family name is identical to their clan name, which is fairly useless in a population of half a billion that mostly has the same family name as you. (There's no reasons to go by "Beshlor Marvek" if everyone on your street and indeed half your district is also "[Something] Marvek.") But smaller families subsumed within a clan do use their family names as surnames.

Female

  • Ero Drallen
  • K'manehai 
  • M'Syrolath
  • Thalera Neshek 
  • T'Rumiak
  • T'Rushemei 
  • Vekshari

Male

  • Beshlor
  • Esha Vortan
  • Kelvarin Dreshek 
  • Kilexian
  • Norex Talven 
  • Orven Jadrel
  • Rhex Marnok 
  • Zavreth Korranel 
  • Zotabia

Nonbinary

  • Drev Katel 

Clan Names

  • Marvek
  • Tarnavel 

Sources and Inspirations

Star Trek Adventures Scenarios

  • "Convoy SE-119" by Jim Johnson 
  • "Ends and Means" by Troy Mepyans 
  • "Hard Rock Catastrophe" by Christopher L. Bennett
  • "Signals" by Ian Lemke

Other Inspirations

All images in this post generated by ChatGPT. 

06 November 2025

Reading Roundup Wrapup: October 2025

Pick of the month: Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Adam Hughes, Bart Sears, et al. BWA-HA-HA! But seriously, I didn't have a great month, and this brought me some much-needed joy. My other highlight (for similar reasons) was How Right You Are, Jeeves.

All books read:

  1. Black Panther Adventures by Roy Thomas, John Buscema, et al.
  2. Dangerous Visions edited by Harlan Ellison
  3. Doctor Who: The Coming of the Terraphiles; Or, Pirates of the Second Aether!! by Michael Moorcock
  4. How Right You Are, Jeeves by P. G. Wodehouse
  5. Rumble Fish by S. E. Hinton
  6. Wait, Wait…I’m Not Done Yet! by Carl Kasell
  7. Black Panther: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda, Part Four by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Daniel Acuña, et al.
  8. Star Trek: The Next Generation #2: The Peacekeepers by Gene DeWeese
  9. Doctor Who: Short Trips #26: How The Doctor Changed My Life edited by Simon Guerrier
  10. Star Trek: The Official Motion Picture Adaptation by Mike Johnson & Tim Jones, David Messina, et al.
  11. Doctor Who Magazine: Special Edition #63: Showrunners edited by Marcus Hearn
  12. Star Trek: More Beautiful than Death by David Mack
  13. Norstrilia by Cordwainer Smith
  14. Star Trek, Volume 1 by Mike Johnson, Steve Molnar, and Joe Phillips
  15. Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Adam Hughes, Bart Sears, et al.
  16. Legends: Black Panther by Tochi Onyebuchi, Setor Fiadzigbey, Fran Galán, Enid Balám, Ramón F. Bachs, et al.

All books acquired:

  1. Gabriel Gale's Ages of Oz: A Fiery Friendship by Lisa Fiedler, illustrated by Sebastian Giacobino
  2. Hawkeye: The Saga of Barton and Bishop by Matt Fraction, David Aja, Annie Wu, Javier Pulido, et al.
  3. Legion of Super-Heroes, Volume 2: The Dominators by Paul Levitz, Francis Portela, Scott Kolins, et al. 
  4. Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 2 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Adam Hughes, Bart Sears, et al.
  5. Nostrilia by Cordwainer Smith
  6. Peach and the Isle of Monsters by Franco and Agnes Garbowska

Currently reading:

  • Broken Angels by Richard K. Morgan
  • Star Trek: The New Adventures, Volume 2 by Mike Johnson, Ryan Parrott, Stephen Molnar, Erfan Fajar, Claudia Balboni, et al.
  • Star Trek, Volume 2 by Mike Johnson, Joe Corroney, and Joe Phillips
  • Star Trek: The Unsettling Stars by Alan Dean Foster
  • Star Trek: The New Adventures, Volume 5 by Mike Johnson and Tony Shasteen
  • Justice League International Omnibus, Volume 3 by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, Kevin Maguire, et al.
  • Long Gone, Come Home by Monica Chenault-Kilgore

Because I'm reading my "Kelvin timeline" Star Trek comics in chronological order, I'm jumping between a bunch of different books at once, and thus "currently reading" lots of things.

Up next in my rotations:

  1. Formerly Known as the Justice League by Keith Giffen & J. M. DeMatteis, Kevin Maguire, and Joe Rubinstein
  2. The Worthing Chronicle by Orson Scott Card
  3. Baby Cat-Face by Barry Gifford 
  4. Star Wars: The Clone Wars: The Starcrusher Trap by Mike W. Barr 

Books remaining on "To be read" list: 671 (down 12)

Not only did I read a lot of books this month, but they were actually from my reading list! I have never before, in over twenty years of tracking, had my "To be read" list go down by twelve from one month to the next. My previous record was nine, achieved in both June 2008 and August 2010.

05 November 2025

Black Panther: Wakanda Unbound by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Daniel Acuña, et al.

Black Panther: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda, Part Four

Collection published: 2021
Contents originally published: 2020-21
Read: October 2025
I finally made it to the end of all the Black Panther comics I got in a comiXology sale to commemorate the death of Chadwick Boseman, but those only go up to 2020... and obviously there are five more years of Black Panther comics after that! So I'll be continuing to discuss them, switching from single issues on comiXology to collected editions on Hoopla. That begins with the fourth and final part of The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda, branded as "Wakanda Unbound" on the original issues, though not in the trade.

Writer: Ta-Nehisi Coates
Artists: Ryan Bodenheim, Daniel Acuña & Brian Stelfreeze*
Color Artists: Michael Garland, Daniel Acuña, Chris O'Halloran & Laura Martin
Letterer: Joe Sabino

Anyone who's followed my reviews of Ta-Nehisi Coates's Black Panther run will not be surprised to hear that it fizzles out instead of coming to any kind of interesting climax. Part one of this storyline was gripping if confusing, part two raised lots of interesting ideas, part three returned to the meandering slow style that is Coates's typical approach... and then part four throws away any interesting ideas in favor of endless superhero punchups. I think the idea of Wakanda as an empire in itself is one that could have really had T'Challa questioning his own principles, but we just get a big battle here. Wakanda is a byword for freedom across the galaxy now! But how can it be that easy? Can a formerly oppressive regime just become a force for good? Interesting questions that a writer could ask, but this story just dodges them all in favor of a totally unearned Big Win.

For some reason, a bunch of non-Wakandan superheroes show up for the final battle, but I think only Black ones.
from Black Panther vol. 7 #24 (art by Daniel Acuña)

In the end, I think Coates bit off more than he could chew time and time again. These are superhero comics, fundamentally they must be about punching bad guys in the face, but the very best superhero comics manage to do more than that. Coates was interested in Big Ideas, which I appreciate, but his run consistently failed to marry those Big Ideas to the conventions of the superhero genre, meaning almost every arc had Big Ideas that were discussed a bit but went nowhere, and boring, tacked on action. (Particularly tedious here is the largely dialogue-less, all-action issue.)

ACCESS AN INDEX OF ALL POSTS IN THIS SERIES HERE

* Note that the cover gives credit to Chris Sprouse and Karl Story, but they have no work collected in the volume. I'm assuming someone copied over the cover template of part three, which they did contribute to, and failed to change the names.